军队建立行政诉讼制度的思考

我国行政诉讼法颁布实施十多年来,在维护和监督行政机关依法行使行政职权,保护公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益方面,发挥了极为重要的作用,同时也极大地唤起了人民群众的权利意识和法律意识。因此,行政诉讼也应在军队中开展起来。     

军队医院存在的主要问题及对策

军队医院后勤管理是医院管理的重要内容之一。为了适应新时期的发展要求,同时也为了军队医院的生存和发展,各级军队医院都对后勤管理进行了改革。本文对医院后勤管理存在的问题及强化后勤管理等问题进行了思考。     

军队计算机网络信息安全问题及对策

随着我军信息化建设步伐的不断加快,计算机网络技术在部队的应用日趋广泛。但从整体情况看,我军的网络信息安全还存在很多问题,网络安全工作明显滞后于网络建设。本文针对现阶段军队网络安全存在的问题,从网络安全技术及网络安全管理两方面提出了相应的解决对策。     

军队预算管理存在的问题及对策

进入新世纪新阶段之后，我军面临着进一步推进中国特色军事变革，实现建设信息化军队、打赢信息化战争的战略目标，经费需求十分巨大。因此，在我军经费相对有限的情况下，我军必须坚持以科学发展现为指导，用改革的思路和办法，创新军队预算制度，加强科学管理，提高依法理财水平，扎实走出一条投入少、效益高的财务保障的新路子。     

适应国家和军队法制建设不断完善中国特色的军队律师制度

军队律师是国家律师队伍的重要组成部分,是国家律师制度的重要方面。随着国家和军队民主法制建设的不断加强,军队律师工作逐步走上正规化、规范化发展的道路,已经成为维护国家军事利益、军队军人合法权益的生力军,在部队全面建设中发挥着越来越重要的作用,赢得了军委、总部首长的充分肯定和广大官兵的信任,树立了良好的形象,取得了令人瞩目的成就。     

我国军队律师的专业化

1991年,《中国人民解放军政治工作条例》以军内立法的形式规定了军队律师工作。次年,中央军委批准设立总政司法局,军队律师由政治机关统一领导和管理。1993年,司法部与总政治部联合发布《关于军队法律服务工作有关问题的通知》,标志着军队律师开始纳入了国家律师体制。20多年来,军队律师肩负神圣使命,维护国家和军队合法利益,为军队建设和军事行动提供法律保障做出了重要贡献。但是,我国军队律师起步较晚,随着部队在遂行多样化军事任务中遇到的各类涉法问题不断增加,军队律师的专业化问题日显重要。     

军队心理服务工作的伦理探析

目的:了解军队心理服务工作伦理现状,提出解决伦理困境的方法.方法:采取随机抽样的方法,运用半结构式专家访谈法,对9位专家进行访谈.结果:通过专家访谈最终发现当前军队心理服务工作道德规范的现状有以下问题:保密原则缺乏标准,来访者隐私易受侵犯;知情同意执行困难,来访者诉求难以实现;军队社群关系多元,工作关系易受羁绊.结论:针对上述问题,要不断完善军队心理服务工作的道德规范,即明确保密标准,提高保密意识;坚守知情同意,维护患者诉求;明确职业角色,减少隐性伤害.     

军队物资应急采购需注意的几点问题

军队物资应急采购是在紧急情况下各级部队机关与分队采用非常规方式和程序组织的物资采购行为。本文针对应急采购的特点,提出了应该注意的一些问题。     

关于军队处置突发事件若干法律问题的思考

突发事件具有突发性、破坏性、规模性特征,军队是有着严密纪律和组织的集团,具有应息性、攻关性和强力性,是参与处置突发事件的重要力量.但在现代法治社会中,国家动用武装力量处置突发事件,既是十分敏感的政治问题,也是非常严肃的法律问题,必须有国家宪法和法律的支持和保障.     

新时期加强军队财务监督工作的几点思考

军队财务监督是军队财务管理的一项重要职能，是实现军事经济宏观调控的重要途径。在长期的工作实践中，我军形戍了特有的财务监督模式，摸索了一套行之有效的监督方法，保证了军队财经工作的良好秩序。但随着市场经济的深入发展和军费保障模式的转变，财务监督工作也面临着一系列的矛盾和问题。     

The prevalence of sexual violence in prison: the state of the knowledge base and implications for evidence-based correctional policy making

The issue of prison violence and misconduct has been the subject of considerable academic attention, yet particularized areas of violent victimization within prisons have gone relatively unnoticed. One such area involves sexual violence in prisons. Scholars have argued that sexual violence contributes to a host of institutional and individual-level problems, yet the primary limitation of this body of literature is that it has been largely confined to methodologically questionable studies of prison rape prevalence. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to critically take stock of what is and what is not currently known about the prevalence of prison sexual violence. In doing so, it highlights the direction that future research should take so that evidence-based policies concerning prison sexual violence may be developed.     

A 16-year examination of domestic violence among Asians and Asian Americans in the empirical knowledge base: a content analysis

Until recently, research studies have implied that domestic violence does not affect Asian American and immigrant communities, or even Asians abroad, because ethnicity or culture has not been addressed. In this content analysis, the authors examined trends in publications in leading scholarly journals on violence relating to Asian women and domestic violence. A coding schema was developed, with two raters coding the data with high interrater reliability. Sixty articles were published over the 16 years studied, most atheoretical and focusing on individual levels of analysis. The terms used in discussing domestic violence reflected a feminist perspective. Three quarters of the studies were empirical, with most guided by logical positivism using quantitative designs. Most targeted specific Asian subgroups (almost a third focused on Asian Indians) rather than categorizing Asians as a general ethnic category. The concept of "Asian culture" was most often assessed by discussing Asian family structure. Future research is discussed in light of the findings.     

Maladaptive behaviors among military police personnel and implications for administrative policy

In the 1970s stress management programs were initiated by many police departments across the United States. Concern regarding police overreaction in stressful situations was a major impetus in the development of most of these programs. The United States Army's Military Police Corps followed the lead of major civilian police departments by endeavoring to improve community support through reducing “overreactive” incidents that inflamed public sentiment and lessened the morale and esteem of the Military Police Corps. In 1980, efforts were initiated to reduce “harrassment” of soldiers and provide greater service to military personnel and dependents (Author's Field Notes, 1980). In conjunction with this effort, classes on the awareness and effects of stress became standard offerings for students at the U.S. Army's Military Police School. Research on military police personnel was lacking, however, and it was not known if the findings regarding stress on civilian police officers were applicable to military police.This research represents an exploratory effort to identify and examine the determinants of three prominently identified correlates of high stress: family problems, alcohol abuse, and self-reported medical maladies. A path analytic model is postulated to provide an examination of the direct and indirect effects of several demographic variables upon an index of maladaptation that incorporates these three dependent variables into a single measure.     

Dental characteristics of a large military population useful for identification

The number and complexity of dental restorations has decreased for younger Americans. Since the presence and extent of restorations are important data for forensic science identification purposes, the Computer-Assisted Postmortem Identification (CAPMI) system was used to assess the practical effect of the decreased selectivity expected as a result of improved dental health. Dental examination data from 7030 soldiers were recorded on optical mark read forms and entered into a database. The data were reorganized and analyzed to generate summary statistics about the incidence of each type of restoration (divided into 16 categories) for both anterior, posterior, upper, lower, and combined segments. Patients' ages ranged from 17 to 49 with a mean of 24 years 5 months. Sixty percent were from 18 to 25 years old. A characteristic is defined as any situation other than a virgin tooth; for example, extracted, missing, unerupted, or restored. The average subject had 7 dental characteristics with approximately 75% having 4 or more. Within the entire population, 9% had 32 unrestored teeth. 3.6% had only one characteristic. To test the selectivity and uniqueness of various combinations of dental characteristics, 363 simulations using the CAPMI system were made against the entire 7030 subject database. Sample records (33 per group) with 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9-11, 12-14, 15-18, and 19+ characteristics were chosen at random from the database and searches were made.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The problems of personnel training for military forensic medical expertise under the current reform of the military forces in the Russian Federation

The educational sphere is becoming a major priority in the state policy. The Concept of national security for the Russian Federation regards intellectual impairment as a most serious internal threat to the military security. It declares that the operational efficiency of the armed forces should be based on high-quality education of specialists. The current reform of the military forces in the Russian Federation envisages the modification of the forensic medical expertise and the system of training relevant personnel. The post-diploma education of forensic medical experts encounters difficulties at all levels. In all probability, such education will be performed in the near future through the primary retraining mechanism. In the course of the ongoing reform, the Department of Forensic Medicine at the Military Medical Academy remains the sole facility for the post-diploma education of military forensic medical experts. The teaching staff of the department have sufficient qualification and experience for training highly skilled specialists as stipulated by the reform of the military forces in the Russian Federation.     

军事刑事诉讼概念的反思与重塑

军事刑事诉讼既是国家刑事诉讼的有机组成部分,同时又是与普通刑事诉讼相对而言的一种特殊刑事诉讼。对国家刑事诉讼来说,二者是部分与整体的关系;对普通刑事诉讼来说,二者则是个别与一般的关系。军事刑事诉讼之所以有存在的必要,不是基于它的一般性,而是基于它的特殊性,本文所要探讨的正是后者。     

关于创立警察社会学的基本构想

警察是一种角色，也是一种制度。建设社会主义市场经济要求我们严格规范这种角色，并认真思考警察制度的建设。为适应这一新的现实要求，创立警察社会学就十分必要。警察社会学应有特定的研究对象、研究内容，其学科地位和价值意义是不容忽视的。     

论建设工程合同的成立

建设工程的招标行为应是要约邀请而非要约 ;而投标行为应是要约而非承诺。因而中标通知书不能意味建设工程合同的成立 ,但因现行立法的缺陷 ,从应然意义上 ,中标通知书应导致建设合同的成立。故相关立法应作修改和完善     

人类基因财产权的确立——争议和实践

理论和实践界关于人类基因财产权存在一定争议。实质保障人的自由意志,真正体现人格尊严,是对人类基因确立财产权的道德和法理依据。对基因财产权的确立,可以促进生物科技的发展,最终造福于人类。建立人类基因财产权,从法制角度,需要在立法、司法领域明确权利内容和权利实现方式。在法制相对不健全的情形下,私人主体的契约安排是合理的补充和救济方式,具有重要的实践意义。