略谈法庭语言的特征

在法庭审理中,审判人员为了查明案情,划清罪与非罪、此罪与彼罪的界限,以求达到准确适用法律,有力地惩罚犯罪,需要进行法庭调查、主持法庭辩论。审理案件能否准确无误,合理合法,这些都和法庭语言运用的好坏具有直接关系。认识法庭语言的特征,了解它的一般规律,掌握它的表达要求,对于更好地进行法庭审理或许不无裨益。     

性别差异与语言礼貌原则的研究

语言礼貌是交际中的一个重要原则,但是男性和女性往往由于性别差异,导致在不同的语言礼貌中有很大的差异。本文从礼貌原则上来分析男、女性别语言策略差异的特点。     

我国法庭辩论的诉讼形式之探讨

法庭辩论的诉讼形式,在刑事诉讼中是一个很重要的问题。不同类型的国家,刑事诉讼的表现形式不同,法庭审理的诉讼形式也不相同。奴隶制国家实行古典的控诉式诉讼,对奴隶主内部和自由民之间的刑事诉讼,采取“不告不理”、“诉讼双方权利平等”的原则,法庭审理基本上采用辩论式,被告人对原告人的控告有权答辩,并且出现了称作保护人的辩护人,在法庭辩论中对被告人进行法律指导,帮助被告人反驳控诉人。在法庭上,法官只听取双方当事人的陈     

论集中审理原则与合议庭功能的强化——兼评《关于人民法院合议庭工作的若干规定》

集中审理原则是现代审判程序的一项基本原则。其内容主要包括 :一个案件组成一个审判庭进行审理 ;法庭成员不可更换 ;集中证据调查与法庭辩论 ;庭审不中断并迅速作出裁判。我国立法尚未规定集中审理原则 ,为了强化合议庭的功能 ,我国急需确立集中审理原则。最高人民法院《关于人民法院合议庭工作的若干规定》体现了该原则的精神。应进一步建立法官、人民陪审员更换与庭审更新制度 ,实现证据调查与法庭辩论的集中化 ,并应实行审判合一以及提高当庭宣判率。     

越南民商事管辖权制度探析

越南国会是越南最高权力机关和立法机关.越南法院分为三级:最高人民法院、地方人民法院和地区人民法院.对于"商事纠纷"的含义,在一些重要方面越南的规则与国际标准不同.<经济纠纷法>列举了经济法庭有权裁决的争议类型.包含"涉外因素"的经济案件,由越南经济法庭审理.地方(区)人民法院行使管辖权的依据是被告营业地或住所在法院管辖区内.管辖权的排除主要表现在以下方面:外交豁免与领事豁免、外国土地和管辖权选择协议.未决诉讼案件原则和不方便法院原则并没有得到越南法学家们的广泛承认.管辖权冲突问题由越南最高人民法院解决.     

不要忽视法容风纪

自全面实施两法以来,由于物质条件的限制,多数法院都没有专门的法庭。但由于领导的重视,有些法院参加审判活动的人员,均能因地制宜,因陋就简,注意临时法庭的设置和参加审判活动人员的仪容礼貌,始终保持法庭的严肃性,有效地保证了案件的审理,受到了群众的赞扬。但也有的法院,虽然条件比较好,由于不注意保持法庭的严     

浅谈检察机关量刑建议权的行使

量刑建议作为检察机关从事刑事诉讼活动一个重要组成部分,已被纳入法庭审理程序的司法实践。为能充分发挥量刑建议对法院判决进行监督的法律效果,文章以《刑事诉讼法》修订为契机,分析量刑建议权行使过程中遇到的问题、面临的新要求,并力求找到解决问题的对策。     

浅谈简易程序刑事案件检察机关应派员出庭支持公诉

刑事案件简易程序审理中，检察机关一般不派员出席法庭支持公诉，直接影响控、辩、审三方独立行使职权，不利于审判人员裁判权的独立行使、被告人自行辩护的权利的行使，更不利于检察机关开展审判监督，由此，在完善简易程序提高诉讼效率的基础上，检察机关应当派员出席法庭支持公诉，充分发挥法律监督职权，更好的实现司法公正。     

法国行政诉讼法典(法律篇)

前言第1条本法典适用于国家最高行政法院、上诉行政法院、行政法庭。第2条判决以法国人民的名义作出。第3条判决以合议的形式作出,法律另有规定的除外。第4条除非法律特别规定,未经法院允许,行政决定不因诉讼而中止执行。第5条案件的审理采用辩论形式,辩论原则同样适用于紧急情况下的审理。第6条辩论是公开进行的。第7条法庭中有一名成员行使政府专员职能,独立地、公开发表他对于案件的意见和解决方案。第8条法官秘密评议。第9条判决需要说明理由。第10条判决是公开的,需要署法官的名字。第11条判决可供执行。第一编法国最高行政法院第一章…     

审判阶段非法证据排除程序研究

新刑诉法明确规定了非法证据排除规则,审判时非法证据排除程序主要体现在两个阶段,即庭前会议阶段和法庭审理阶段。从诉讼公正和效率两个方面看,非法证据排除在法庭审理之前完成为宜,但我国目前一元式的诉讼结构要求非法证据排除的程序性裁判应当在法庭审理阶段完成。为此庭前会议阶段和法庭审理阶段的非法证据排除应完成不同的功能,既达到在庭前会议程序中完成非法证据排除的效果,又不失在法庭审理阶段应有的非法证据排除制度安排,同时也应具有对非法证据排除后果的救济制度。     

语言学界在“中国英语”研究中的误区与回归

英语"本土化"成为近些年来语言学界研究与争论的热门话题,英语"中国化"、"中国英语"成为中国学者们倡导的主流。但中国作为英语的"外圈"国家推崇英语本土化将会带来一系列严重后果,而且,从语音语调、构词成句以及语篇结构来重新构建中国化的英语体系势必造成语言的效度降低。以英国英语或美国英语的官方标准实施中国的英语教学,才是学界和外语教育界的主题和追求。     

试论宗教自由的规范构造--以联合国和我国相关文件为背景的分析

联合国和我国相关文件或条款不乏相通之处,对此,可以从语言和逻辑两个角度进行分析。宗教自由,从语言上讲,可以体现为确认、行使、限制和保证等条款;从逻辑上讲,则体现为意志自由和行为自由。而所谓“信仰自由”,可以说,更多是一种权利,而不是自由。在宗教自由的语言结构和逻辑结构之间,存在着某种对应关系。     

Linguistic Justice in International Law: An Evaluation of the Discursive Framework

Claims by minority groups to use their own languages in different social contexts are often presented as claims for “linguistic justice”, that is, justice as between speakers of different languages. This article considers how the language of international law can be used to advance such claims, by exploring how international law, as a discourse, approaches questions of language policy. This analysis reveals that international legal texts structure their engagement with “linguistic justice” around two key concepts: equality and culture. Through a close examination of the way in which these concepts function within international legal discourse, the article suggests that this conceptual framework may sometimes constrain, as well as enlarge, the possibilities for justice for minority language speakers. Thus while international law may provide a language for challenging injustices in the linguistic sphere, limitations inherent in this discourse may also restrict its emancipatory potential.     

语境的共时系统分析

本文从系统和共时研究的角度分析了语言的语境系统,详细地分析了语境各要素及其相互关系,指出了言内语境和言外语境的反映与被反映的关系,以及语境要素的统一性和层次性两种特征,并指出语义分析和语义理解从言内到言外、从一般到特殊的分析顺序,任何相关语境因素都不能忽略。     

Some Problems of Legal Language

Abstract. The author moves from the consideration of law as a set of rules serving as a means of socially regulating human conduct. He focuses on the fact that in order to fulfil its function, the law must be seen as a type of information. In this perspective law is a particular language and therefore gives rise to linguistic problems, linked to the technical character of juristic discourse. The author deals with some of the linguistic and sociological aspects of legal language and attempts to pinpoint some trends of interlingual development.     

Detection of substitution-based linguistic steganography by relative frequency analysis

Linguistic steganography hides information in natural language texts. Because of the increasing in importance and quantity of natural language texts, linguistic steganography plays a more and more important role in Information Security (IS) area today. Substitution-based linguistic steganography is one of the most commonly used linguistic steganography methods, which is of considerable security and favorable simpleness. In this paper, we propose a straightforward method based on Relative Frequency Analysis (RFA), which makes use of the frequency characteristics of the testing texts (the texts being tested), to detect substitution-based linguistic steganography. We formally prove several properties about relative frequency which can be used in the detection process and propose a detection scheme. And then as an example, an existent synonym-substitution system T-Lex is examined and the detection experiment is carried out. In the experiment with pure literature texts, the accuracy, precision and recall of the detection are found to be as high as 98.64%, 97.77% and 99.55%, respectively, when the substitution count is 90, while in the experiment with balanced texts, the highest detection accuracy is 95%, which indicates that the detection scheme is promising.     

文学语言的变迁与中国新诗体式的演变

诗歌是一种语言的艺术,它的文学形态除了凭藉语言外别无长物。新诗的语言经历了口语化、诗化和散文化的变迁,新诗的体式也经过了白话体、格律体、自由体的演变。通过探讨新诗体式的演变与诗歌语言的变迁之间的关系,可以发现诗歌语言的诗化与非诗化是导致诗歌体式产生演变的重要原因。     

On Semantics and Saṃketa: Thoughts on a Neglected Problem with Buddhist Apoha Doctrine

“...a theory of meaning for a particular language should be conceived by a philosopher as describing the practice of linguistic interchange by speakers of the language without taking it as already understood what it is to have a language at all: that is what, by imagining such a theory, we are trying to make explict." – Michael Dummer (2004: 31)     

The Decisional Juridical Discourse of the Appellate Body of the WTO: Among Treaties and Dictionaries as Referents

This present paper is devoted to the analysis of the decisional juridical discourses of the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization. For this end, we decided to develop the research around two poles which shall be approached in an interweaving manner: the first concerns an examination of the methods of interpretation adopted by the Appellate Body and the second, which is a consequence of the former, devotes itself to the problem derived from the interpretation of authentic international treaties in more than one language. In the light of these two approaches we can verify that the interpretation of the Appellate Body is highly influenced by the search for the purpose of the text and the construction of the juridical discourse in question is made with reference to the linguistic system analyzed as a dictionary. It was established, that the Appellate Body carries out a dictionary interpretation with a tendency, even incipient, to consider the linguistic versions of the World Trade Organization Agreements. Finally, the task is structured having as a backdrop two interdependent concepts which should not be neglected in an analysis of international juridical discourses. They are the following: ?juridical culture’ and ?language’. Both will be dealt with from a semiotic perspective since the central element of our study – and of the intersection between these two concepts – is the linguistic sign.