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It has long been argued that shared services represent an efficacious means of securing efficiencies for municipalities. Indeed, pressures from fiscal austerity, taxation limitations, and the specter of forced amalgamations have resulted in an increasing uptake of shared service arrangements. However, the extant evidence is rather inconclusive and is largely restricted to analyzing the nett efficiency outcomes for the specific service shared. We broaden this evidential base by examining the association between shared service production and the efficiency of entire municipalities. Our analysis, employing a 5‐year panel of data, suggests that shared services are associated with a statistically significant reduction in overall municipal efficiency. We conclude by explicating on the public policy implications arising from our prima facie surprising results. 相似文献
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Drew Peake 《环境索赔杂志》2015,27(1):50-59
Selecting a technical professional can be difficult. Using the court's guidelines can serve as a useful template for gauging qualifications. Since 1993 (Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals 1993), the standard for admitting expert testimony has become increasingly more rigorous, as it has become better defined by subsequent case law and amended state statutes. This may contribute to increased dependence on expert reports to clarify issues, and serve as aids to negotiated settlements. Two examples are discussed where experts did not meet the criteria in this template. 相似文献
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Comparison of the Columnar‐Thin‐Film and Vacuum‐Metal‐Deposition Techniques to Develop Sebaceous Fingermarks on Nonporous Substrates,
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Stephanie F. Williams M.P.S. Drew P. Pulsifer Ph.D. Robert C. Shaler Ph.D. Robert S. Ramotowski M.S. Shelly Brazelle M.S. Akhlesh Lakhtakia Ph.D. D.Sc. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(2):295-302
Both the columnar‐thin‐film (CTF) and the vacuum‐metal‐deposition (VMD) techniques for visualizing sebaceous fingermarks require the deposition of a material thereon in a vacuum chamber. Despite that similarity, there are many differences between the two techniques. The film deposited with the CTF technique has a columnar morphology, but the film deposited with the VMD technique comprises discrete islands. A split‐print methodology on a variety of fingermarked substrates was used to determine that the CTF technique is superior for developing fingermarks on clear sandwich bags and partial bloody fingermarks on stainless steel. Both techniques are similar in their ability to develop fingermarks on glass but the CTF technique yields higher contrast. The VMD technique is superior for developing fingermarks on white grocery bags and the smooth side of Gloss Finish Scotch Multitask? tape. Neither technique worked well for fingermarks on black garbage bags. 相似文献
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Because most employees in the United States, including health care professionals, are employed "at will" (which means their employment can be terminated for any reason or no reason, as long as the reason isn't illegal), retaliatory actions by employers toward employees who speak out (i.e., blow the whistle) are not uncommon. Additionally, the law protecting whistleblowing employees varies greatly depending on the state where the employee works or if he or she works for the federal government. This article examines when and under what conditions a nurse or other health care professional may be protected from having an adverse employment action taken against him or her for reporting such issues as patient safety violations or health care fraud. The authors offer issues a nurse or other health care professional should consider before making the decision to blow the whistle. Finally, the authors also discuss the remedies such as reinstatement, back pay, or other compensatory mechanisms that may be available to employees terminated for reporting wrongdoing. 相似文献
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Stephen L. Aita Benjamin D. Hill Mandi W. Musso Wm. Drew Gouvier 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2018,33(3):201-208
While psychometric police selection processes have progressively evolved, the efficacy of simple background information has not been extensively evaluated. This study examined the utility of base rate information to predict job performance among law enforcement officers. Pre-employment historical markers from bad hires were compared to good hires from a large sample of 1536 officers. Of this sample, 205 officers were categorized as bad hires if they were arrested, had greater than five misconduct episodes, or were terminated for cause within 5 years following hire. Base rates of 40 pre-employment history variables were compared for good and bad hires. Analysis of markers showed that bad hires had a significantly higher frequency of markers across family factors, mental health variables, conduct problems, and criminal justice outcomes compared to good hires. Among the largest differences were history of multiple physical altercations, outpatient psychiatric treatment, and events related to previous law enforcement employment such as employer reprimands, suspensions, or fitness for duty evaluations. Many other intuitive markers occurred too infrequently to analyze or showed no significant difference between good hires and bad hires in law enforcement settings. Base rates in addition to psychological test data are necessary aspects of the police pre-employment evaluation. 相似文献
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Mark E. Olver Gabrielle Klepfisz Keira C. Stockdale Drew A. Kingston Terry P. Nicholaichuk Stephen C. P. Wong 《Journal of Sexual Aggression》2013,19(2):147-160
ABSTRACTThe present study was a psychometric examination of Violence Risk Scale-Sexual Offender version (VRS-SO; Wong, S., Olver, M. E., Nicholaichuk, T. P., & Gordon, A. (2003). The violence risk scale: Sexual offender version (VRS-SO). Saskatoon: Regional Psychiatric Centre and University of Saskatchewan) static item scores in a Canadian multisite sample of 668 treated adult male sexual offenders. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of 13 nonredundant Static-99R and VRS-SO static items generated three factors labelled Youthful Aggression, Sexual Criminality, and General Criminality. The factor and total scores converged with Static-99R and VRS-SO dynamic factor scores. Scores on the VRS-SO static items, EFA-derived factors, and total score each significantly predicted 5- and 10-year sexual, violent, and general recidivism through ROC analyses. Cox regression survival analyses showed all three factors uniquely predicted sexual recidivism to varying degrees in the overall sample; however, only Youthful Aggression and General Criminality uniquely significantly predicted violent and general recidivism in the overall sample and among sexual offender subgroups. Implications for theory, clinical practice, and instrument refinement are discussed. 相似文献
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Joseph Drew Michael A. Kortt Brian Dollery 《Australian Journal of Public Administration》2013,72(1):55-65
Contemporary Australian public policy has come to rely increasingly on technical reports produced by commercial consultants in contrast to the traditional approach, which employed disinterested public servants to generate the specialist information required to inform decision makers. This approach is fraught with problems, not least the fact that ‘hired guns’ have strong incentives to create the ‘answers’ sought by their employers. By way of a ‘cautionary tale’, this paper examines the empirical evidence adduced in favour of radical amalgamation of Tasmanian local authorities in Local Government Structural Reform in Tasmania, produced by Deloitte Access Economics (DAE) (2011), and commissioned by the Property Council of Tasmania. In particular, the paper provides a critical analysis of the econometric modelling undertaken in the DAE (2011) Report. We find that if the DAE model is re‐estimated – employing alternative functional forms – then the empirical evidence in support of Tasmania council merges evaporates. 相似文献