Genetic markers in human bone: I. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was isolated from a number of spongy and compact human bone tissue specimens, and the yield was estimated on a "per milligram of starting tissue" basis. DNA was, in addition, isolated from a number of corresponding blood and bone tissue specimens. Spectrophotofluorometry and ethidium bromide visualization on minigels were used to estimate the quantity and degree of degradation of DNA. The DNA from several blood-bone pairs is shown to give concordant restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing results by two different typing protocols with five different single-locus probes. DNA from several additional blood-bone pairs is shown to give concordant results for human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ alpha phenotypes following polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and hybridization to specific allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) probes, and for the variable numbers of tandem repeats (VNTR) length polymorphisms 3' to the human apolipoprotein B (APOB) gene following PCR amplification with specific primers and analysis of the products by electrophoresis and ethidium bromide visualization.     

Literatur

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Literatur

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Restriction fragment length polymorphism DNA analysis by the FBI Laboratory protocol using a simple, convenient hardware system

Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of human deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) using two probes, pYNH24 and CMM101, was performed on the BIOS Timeframe system following the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Laboratory protocol and some variations of it. Comparable results were obtained by the different methods used.     

Genetic markers in human bone: II. Studies on ABO (and IGH) grouping.

A combination absorption-elution, two-dimensional absorption-inhibition procedure was used to determine the ABH antigen composition of a series of human bone specimens of known ABO type that had been aged up to nine months under dry and humid conditions at ambient temperature, 37 degrees C, and 56 degrees C; at ambient temperature in dry and wet soil; and buried in soil outdoors. Grouping data for the separate elution and inhibition testing, as well as for the combination procedure, are given. The combination method was found to be a highly reliable procedure for bone tissue ABH typing. Some data on microbial contaminants of human bone specimens aging in soil, and their effects on ABH typing results, are presented. No direct correlation between the properties of microbial contaminants and specific changes in the ABH antigenic composition of aging bone tissue specimens could be ascertained. Data on IGH antigen determination and on the quantitation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in human bone tissue extracts indicated that immunoglobulin levels were typically too low to expect routinely successful Gm antigen testing results. However, these factors can sometimes be determined in fresh bone tissue extracts, particularly if the extracts are concentrated.     

反对制裁和军事干涉伊朗的二十个理由

美英非法入侵伊拉克及其对伊拉克人民带来灾难性后果已进入第五年，当前伊美关系僵局令全世界爱好和平的人惊恐，这种情形与其入侵伊拉克的准备阶段类似。在华盛顿，以切尼为首的鹰派正在无耻地鼓吹对伊朗发动军事打击；同时曾推动入侵伊拉克的以色列院外活动集团，现正在鼓动对伊朗发动军事打击；曾为人侵伊拉克企图欺骗西方民意而对事实的肆意歪曲，现在则被用来为入侵伊朗的另一次非法的先发制人战争铺平道路。像在伊拉克问题上一样，联合国安理会在美国的强大压力下所通过的反对伊朗的决议，是要为此类入侵提供合法的外衣。