出使埃塞俄比亚札记(一)

编者按:本文是艾平同志在出任我国驻埃塞俄比亚大使(2001年3月至2004年8月)回国后所撰写的札记.它记述了艾大使在该国的生活和工作状况,反映了我国和平外交政策和中埃两国人民之间的友好情谊.本刊将陆续刊出,以飨读者.     

细菌CpG-DNA对犬免疫增强效果的研究

以犬瘟热病毒为模式病毒,将CpG-DNA与铝胶、蜂胶2种对照佐剂分别与犬瘟热病毒灭活疫苗配合,给犬接种疫苗前后用微量中和试验抽查血清中和抗体效价,根据抗体效价高低判断佐剂的免疫增强效果.结果表明,3种佐剂疫苗均能诱导产生特异性抗体,但组间抗体效价有显著差异(P＜0.01),CpG-DNA的免疫增强作用明显高于其它2种佐剂,CpG-DNA所诱导的抗体效价较蜂胶佐剂高5倍,较铝胶佐剂高7倍.     

建国以来党的知识分子政策的回顾与思考

知识分子是由掌握科学文化知识的脑力劳动者组成的一个特殊群体。中国共产党历来十分重视对知识分子的政策,在知识分子问题上有一个逐步认识的过程。本文主要回顾了建国以来党的知识分子政策及其影响,以及由此引发的关于党的知识分子政策的思考。     

试析女性主义心理学的三种研究取向

西方主流心理学植根于经验实证主义传统,认为科学是客观的和价值中立的。这种观点与女性主义理论格格不入。女性主义心理学试图调和女性主义理论与传统心理科学观之间的冲突,在其研究历程中形成了三种研究取向：一是实证主义取向的女性主义心理学,强调遵循实证主义研究传统,重新改造主流的心理科学,以服务于女性主义目标;二是现象学取向的女性主义心理学,强调从女性立场出发,创建一个全新的,“以女性为中心”的心理科学来代替传统的心理科学;三是后现代取向的女性主义心理学,强调采用解构的方法,重新解读主流心理学中的关于女性的所谓“科学的”知识,揭示心理学中的男性中心主义偏见。     

Examination of spur marks found on inkjet-printed documents

In this paper, we propose the examination of spur mark evidence on inkjet-printed documents. Spur marks are tool marks created by the spur gears in the paper conveyance system of many inkjet printers. The relationship between printouts and printers were investigated by comparing the spur marks found on printed documents with reference spur marks sampled from known printers. The comparison was based on two characteristics of spur marks: pitch and mutual distance. These characteristics extracted the geometric features of spur marks and provided information on the type of spur gears and their location in the paper conveyance system. The spur marks on a printout matched the reference spur marks within three percent of the measured values. Spur marks were considered to be effective class characteristics to identify certain brands of inkjet printers since spur gears are used in many types of these machines.     

Hope, meaning, and growth following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks

Positive psychologists found the increase of seven character strengths that encompass the so-called theological virtues, including hope and spirituality, in Americans after the September 11, 2001, attacks. Little is known about how they may affect post-September 11, 2001, mental health. Using multivariate analysis, this study investigated the relationship of hope and spiritual meaning with depression and anxiety in a sample of 457 students 3 months after September 11, 2001. Both characters contributed to lower levels of symptoms. In qualitative analysis, of 313 answers to an open-ended question regarding personal change, four categories emerged. The first three were consonant with other studies on posttraumatic growth (PTG), including changes in the self or behavior, relationships, and worldviews. The fourth category unique to September 11, 2001, was changes in political views. These findings offer further credence to the study of positive aspects resulting from violence-related trauma and highlight the needs for addressing the nature of traumatic events and PTG.     

官与民的平衡器——论中国近代行政法院

中国几千年来的专制统治造成了国民"官本位"的观念浓厚,国人多是顺民,更不用说民告官的行政诉讼.清末迫于时势,向西方学习,寻求法律制度的变革,行政法院遂呼之欲出,至民国时期,行政法院方产生,然而由于时代和阶级的局限性,其所发挥的作用亦有限,随着南京国民政府的覆亡,近代的行政法院也退出了历史舞台.     

Unusual characteristic patterns of postmortem injuries

Animal scavenging is one of the most significant causes of postmortem injuries. A large variety of scavenging animals have been reported on in previous papers. Although postmortem injuries attributable to birds are well known in the case of "aerial burial," the custom in Tibet, few cases of bird scavenging have been reported. In the two cases discussed herein, postmortem injuries were attributed to crows. Both cases, shared characteristic patterns of postmortem injuries, and in both cases death was attributed to fire. Although massive tissue loss by the crow scavenging made it difficult to determine the cause of the death and rendered personal identification difficult, 1 mL of blood drawn from the intracranial cavity and DNA analysis enabled this information to be determined, albeit with some difficulty.     

The traumatic impact of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks and the potential protection of optimism

This study examined the impact of the September 11 terrorist attacks on graduate and undergraduate students and the role of optimism in posttraumatic distress. A sample of 457 students who attended courses at three schools of social work (Nevada, Pennsylvania, and Washington) participated in the study. A quarter of them had a known person as an immediate victim of the attacks. Multivariate analysis showed that posttraumatic stress disorder symptom scores were positively related to personal loss and two types of previous trauma reactivated by the attacks, and levels of initial negative emotional response. Optimism and its interaction with personal loss were inversely associated with posttraumatic stress disorder symptom scores.     

论工会组织在企业人力资本运作中的作用

调动和发挥职工群众的积极性、主动性、创造性,是落实“第一要务”的工作。在社会主义市场经济条件下,人力资本运作是现代企业管理的重要特征。工会组织的性质、基本职责、工作内容和活动方式,决定了工会在调动、发挥和保护职工群众的积极性、主动性和创造性方面具有不可或缺的作用。因此,必须高度重视和发挥工会组织的重要作用。