论医疗风险防范对策

医疗风险是造成患方医疗利益损害的潜在可能性,对医方、政府、社会造成各种损失和负面影响;医疗风险具有的独立性、风险产生和现实转化因素的多元性以及风险可防控性等特征;针对不同原因引起的医疗风险,应当厘清对正常医疗风险的分担规则和非正常医疗风险的分担规则;防范医疗风险应当采取完善医事法律法规、提高防范和应对医疗风险的水平以及增强患方自我维权和对医疗风险的防范能力,这对减少和防范医疗纠纷的发生具有重要的意义。     

Migration and public trust in the commonwealth of independent states

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the post-Soviet space has seen regional integration in the framework of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The CIS while moribund has affected migration in the post-Soviet space. Despite its persistence and effect on migration, few studies have sought to explore public perceptions towards the CIS. We address this limitation by developing several arguments, anchored on the literature on public opinion and European integration, to explain how perceptions towards migrants and employment status affect public trust in the CIS. Our analyses make use of the sixth wave of the World Values Survey that includes seven CIS member-states and finds strong support for our hypotheses. Our contribution lies in the investigation of public attitudes in a non-EU setting while applying arguments from EU literature and the wide coverage of our study compared to the extant literature on the CIS and public opinion.     

Determination of ABH secretor status by an electronic quantitation method

Blood Group A and B substances in secretor (Se) and nonsecretor (se) salivas were tested by means of an electronic data processing-hemagglutinin-inhibition test (EDP-HAIT) with immunoglobulin M (IgM) isohemagglutinins. Besides a difference in quantity, the blood group substances in Se saliva showed high binding efficiencies compared with those in se saliva. EDP-HAIT with IgG isohemagglutinins proved no difference in the binding efficiencies of Se and se salivas. The determination of secretor status by EDP-HAIT with IgM isohemagglutinin was accurate because the conclusion was obtained based on two different quantitative results. Secretor status of some salivas in gargled water could be determined by comparing the binding efficiencies.     

侵权法的经济学理论：一个思想史的札记

"法律与经济学"理论运动在40多年的时间里成为当今美国主流法学流派之一,这在法律思想史上实属罕见。法律与经济学对法学和法律的冲击是全方位的,通过以"思想史的角度"对法律与经济学之"侵权法理论"展开讨论,重点表现在科斯的成本理论、卡拉布雷西的规则理论和波斯纳的侵权法经济分析理论。     

Sex identification in fresh blood and dried bloodstains by a nonisotopic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analyzing technique

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) specimens were prepared from blood or bloodstain extracts, and the content of a Y-chromosome specific DNA fragment was investigated by the Southern hybridization method using a nonisotopic staining technique. Thus obtained patterns of male DNA showed a clear band, whereas broad stains with some faint bands appeared on the patterns of DNA from both sexes. This method is expected to be a new powerful mean of forensic medical examination.     

清朝文官考绩制度及其实施状况

考绩是清朝对文官的定期监督制度。清朝考绩制度源于明制而又有变化 ,其定制时间是雍正元年。考绩有明确的方式和程序 ,在程序中对“注考”的要求最为严格。清朝考绩以“四格”评等第 ,以“六法”论处分。考绩评等中以京察一等、大计卓异为朝廷关注之焦点。清朝考绩的实施状况 ,自顺治至嘉道时期较之咸、同以降要好得多。如果宏观地考察 ,考绩制度终清之世未曾间断 ,而且在较长时间内能较好地正常实施 ,对于整肃吏治起到了不可忽视的作用。其所以如此 ,主要原因是历朝君主极为重视和考绩立法较为完善。然而在封建官僚政治体制下 ,清朝考绩在实施中不可避免地会出现诸多问题 ,最突出的表现一是举劾夫衡 ,二是迎承为尚。     

法律的界限－－从“暂缓起诉制度”的试行谈起

暂缓起诉制度的试行是为了保护未成年人的利益,这与我国刑事立法有关未成年人犯罪的原则要求并不矛盾,但其解决问题的方式在刑事立法的基本原则方面越出了法律界限,而法律的界限是法治的基础.     

现代化进程中的上海近代社团组织

新的阶级、阶层的出现,职业分层的突显,政治整合的弱化为近代社团的产生提供了条件。社团组织的发展对于现代化城市的发展、公共领域的成长、民族意识的发达以及政治整合和民间整合的互动都有重要的推动作用。在20、30年代的上海,政府并没有为社团组织的成长、壮大提供有利的社会政治环境,社会运动的爆发成为必然,折射出转型期社会的不成熟特征。     

中国房地产市场如何走向健康持续稳定发展

2006年5月出台的“国六条”及其十五条配套细则对中国房地产市场产生了剧烈影响,京、沪、穗等地的市场交易量急剧下滑,消费预期再次发生动摇。因此,有必要在分析现阶段中国房地产市场现状和存在问题的基础上,进一步探讨中国房地产市场如何走向健康持续稳定发展的相关建设性对策。