当前国内群体性事件及其发展趋势研究

对群体性事件进行深入的研究应立足于对群体性事件概念的归纳梳理。当前我国群体性事件存在着“非直接利益者”参与愈来愈多、组织化倾向日益明显、“行动群众”日益增多和“怨恨变量”日益增长等趋势,而“下层知识分子”现象的出现标志着国内社会冲突已进入一个新的阶段。未来一个时期是国内群体性事件的多发期,应加强对群体性事件发展的分析和预测。     

国内群体性突发事件预警研究

区域性群体性突发事件预警是预测心理学研究重点之一,目前国内外学术界已开展了与群体性突发事件预警相关的“社会指数”研究和关于国内群体性突发事件预警的实证性研究。作为基础和前提,对国内群体性突发事件预警问题开展的研究应建立适当的模型,设定相应的指标体系并遵循科学的步骤。准确把握研究国内群体性突发事件预警内容的目的,在于指导政府面对群体性突发事件时采取科学有效的危机管理行为。     

Turning nickels into dollars: maggie walker and the consolidated bank and trust company

While many are familiar with the history of banking in the United States, relatively few know of its development in the African American community. Following the failure of the Freedman's Bank, shortly after its inception at the close of the Civil War, many African American fraternal organizations expanded their scope of interests to try to fill the void. The intent was to continue to provide the financial base needed to support the growth of a capitalist -employer class. It was envisioned that from such a footing would stem the acquisition of social respectability and economic independence. One of the leaders in this effort was Maggie Walker, the first African American women bank president.     

State Rules and the County-City Arena: Competition for Land and Taxes in California's Central Valley

The vulnerabilities and strategies of county governments inthe American intergovernmental system are explored in this studyof California counties in the post-Proposition 13 era. The propertytax limitations of the 1978 ballot measure have combined witha number of other state fiscal, programmatic, and boundary rulesto constrain county finances. The rules encourage cities topursue growth policies, including annexations and redevelopment,that contribute to county constraints. However, the rules lsoprovide some intergovernmental tools for counties, as illustratedhere by case studies from three Central Valley counties. Employingtheir land-use powers and ability to block annexations, thecounties were recently successful, to varying degrees, in establishingrevenue-sharing agreements with their cities     

INTERGOVERNMENTAL IMPLEMENTATION OF BUILDING CODES WITH LATERAL FORCE PROVISIONS

Building-code revisions and land-use planning are recognized as potential solutions to the threat posed by hazardous structures in seismically active regions. Their implementation, however, is problematic and several Impediments to action on building codes are analyzed. The authors recommend a system of incentives to overcome these barriers including federally subsidized insurance, low interest loans, and joint state-local policy ventures with technical assistance provided by federal agencies.     

Book review

Anthony Arnold, Afghanistan: The Soviet Invasion in Perspective. Stanford, California: Hoover Institution Press, 1981. 126 pp. $9.95.

Michael Radu (ed.), Eastern Europe and the Third World. Eastbourne: Holt‐Saunders Ltd., 1981. 358 pp. £21.75.

E. J. Feuchtwanger and Peter Nailor (eds.), The Soviet Union and The Third World. London: Macmillan Press, 1981. 229 pp. £20.00

Wladyslaw Bienkowski, Theory and reality: the development of social systems. London & New York: Allison & Busby, 1981. 303 pp. £5.95.

Allen S. Whiting, Siberian Development and East Asia: Threat or Promise? Stanford: University Press, 1981. xv + 276 pp. $22.50.

Christopher D. Jones, Soviet Influence in Eastern Europe: Political Autonomy and the Warsaw Pact. Praeger, 1981. 322 pp. $29.95 cloth, $10.95 paperback.

Stephen Kaplan, Diplomacy of Power. Washington: Brookings Institution, 1981. 733 pp. $9.50 paper, $19.95 cloth.

Derek Leebaert (ed.), Soviet Military Thinking. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1981. xii + 300 pp. £14.50 hardback, £6.95 paperback.

J. Brine, M. Perry and Andrew Sutton (eds.), Home, School and Leisure in the Soviet Union. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1980. xiv + 279 pp. £15.00.

Manfred Melzer, Anlagevermögen, Produktion und Beschäftigung der Industrie im Gebiet der DDR von 1936 bis 1978, sowie Schätzung des künftigen Ange‐botspotentials. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1980. 250 pp.

Ilmari Susiluoto, The origins and development of systems thinking in the Soviet Union. Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 1982. 210 pp.

Michael Waller, Democratic Centralism, an Historical Commentary. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1981. 155 pp. £14.50.