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Andreas Langenohl 《Berliner Journal für Soziologie》2000,10(4):517-534
Es werden ein theoretisches Konzept und eine empirische Operationalisierung politischer Kultur entwickelt, die den Bedingungen
der „postnationalen Konstellation“ Rechnung tragen sollen: der empirischen und normativen Abwertung des Nationalstaats als
Regulationsinstrument wie auch als Identifikationsfokus. Die nationale Form wird besonders in den postsozialistischen L?ndern
zum Problem, da es hier zu einer Enttarnung von kulturellen Konflikten kommt, die unter dem sozialistischen Regime unterdrückt
worden waren, heutzutage aber keine ausschlie?lich affirmative Bezugnahme auf „Nation“ mehr zulassen. Dem entsprechend wird
politische Kultur aus der Perspektive eines diskursethisch informierten Zivilgesellschaftskonzepts formuliert, das ?ffentliche
Debatten der kollektiven Selbstverst?ndigung in den Mittelpunkt rückt. Politische Kultur, so verstanden, ist vorfindlich in
Debatten über die kollektive Vergangenheit, weil sich in diesen die argumentativen Mikrostrukturen, die jenem Verst?ndnis
politischer Kultur zugrunde liegen, besonders deutlich zeigen. Die Skizze einer Erinnerungsdebatte im gegenw?rtigen Russland
dient zur Exemplifizierung der Thesen und führt zu der Einsch?tzung, dass das postsowjetische Russland im Zeitraffer die Prozesse
nachvollzieht, die für hochmoderne Gesellschaften typisch sind, allerdings unter dilemmatischen Bedingungen. 相似文献
156.
In the history of political ideas the position of Rousseau’s political theory is controversial. Many historians identify him with the utopian tradition since Thomas More stressed the collective elements in his writings. In contrast to this interpretation it is a widespread thesis that the author of the “Contrat social” must be considered as a representative of the individualistic natural rights. The following study starts with this issue. The authors show that the contractual dimension is predominant in Rousseau’s thinking but it is modified by utopian elements. So Rousseau’s “mixed paradigm” is characteristic for the second part of the 18th century when contractual realism and utopian fiction merged in the dawn of the French Revolution. 相似文献
157.
Interest in politics is a prerequisite for political participation and political engagement. The promotion of political engagement and education to politically mature citizens were basic concerns of educational reforms in the 1960s. This article focuses on the question if educational expansion has lead to a rise in political interest. To reproduce the change in political interest adequately, effects of education, age, period and cohort will be analyzed simultaneously. The data base of the empirical analyses is a cumulated data set consisting of the German General Social Survey (ALLBUS) from 1980 to 2002. Results show that there is a robust effect of education: More highly educated people are more politically interested. Regarding educational expansion evidence suggests that it actually leads to a rise in political interest. 相似文献
158.
Berner W Berger P Hill A 《International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology》2003,47(4):383-395
Definitions of sexual sadism in ICD-10 and DSM-IV will be presented as well as the historical routes of the concept. Today studies on differently selected clinical samples reveal a different distribution of sexual sadism versus masochism with masochism prevailing in general especially outpatient psychiatric facilities, and sadism prevailing in forensic settings, thus corroborating the concept of two separated diagnoses sadism versus masochism. In forensic settings the diagnosis of a sadistic character disorder (sadistic personality disorder [SPD] according DSM-III-R) is found to a much higher degree than in other clinical samples (50-fold). Our own follow-up study on a forensic sample implies that sadism as a paraphilia is of relevance for relapse-rates of sex-offenders. Symptoms of SPD can be combined with sexual sadism, or occur independently. This may corroborate arguments in favor of a dimensional concept of sexual sadism. Symptoms of SPD may then be a sign of generalization of sadistic traits at least in some cases. A concept of two factors contributing to sadistic pleasure is suggested, one taking the aspect of bodily gratification by sexual-aggressive stimuli as decisive, and the other taking inner representation of hostile objects into consideration (stressing the antisocial-anger-rage aspect). 相似文献
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Andreas P 《World policy journal》1994,11(2):45-56
The border and social policies that the United States shares with Mexico have had only a modest impact on the level of illegal immigration. Alternative methods could reduce the social backlash against Mexican immigrants in US states of destination. Federal Relief Aid to states affected by new arrivals would ameliorate hostility. Although economic stagnation may depress the flow of immigrants or job opportunities, legal or illegal, economic recovery is dependent on the hard work of immigrants. The political solution has been to tighten border controls. Other options are possible. There should be pressure placed on multilateral institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund to incorporate immigration issues in economic policy decisions. Many market reforms have contributed to greater emigration. The US has the option to use both supply and demand side options. Enforcement of workplace rules on minimum wages and health and safety standards would make it more difficult to exploit immigrant workers and would decrease the incentive to hire illegal workers. In a deregulated market stricter work standards were considered difficult to attain. A 1993 opinion poll revealed that 65% thought immigration was not beneficial. Border apprehension rates have increased dramatically over the past 30 years. The most recent policies aim to encourage the mobility of capital and trade through the NAFTA free trade agreement while trying to discourage human resource mobility. The push factors in Mexico are identified as high levels of poverty and unemployment, overpopulation, and economic stagnation. NAFTA and prior economic development efforts have not addressed the push factors. Disruption of traditional ways and changes toward greater industrialization spur emigration. The US program to develop border export industry encouraged migration from the interior of Mexico to border areas. Recent Mexican policies have changed the incentives for small farmers to stay on their lands, and Mexican urban areas are overpopulated. Experience has taught that migration flows are easier to start than stop. 相似文献