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981.
B. Andrew Chupp 《Public Choice》2014,160(3-4):521-538
Many motivations exist that cause legislators to behave strategically when voting. These include logrolling, towing the party line, or political favor trading. However, it has proven difficult in the existing literature to uncover the magnitude of the interaction among politicians. This paper takes a “spatial” approach to the problem, using a spatial autoregressive model to not only uncover the magnitude of interactions, but also the direction of the interactions. In contrast to most applications of spatial econometrics, I allow the elements of the spatial weights matrix to be estimated as parameters. The political spatial weights matrix is calculated for 96 senators in the 110th U.S. Congress. Furthermore, in a marginal effects simulation, I calculate the overall effect on voting from “flipping” a senator’s vote, allowing flipped votes to have a cascading effect. I apply these measures to study political fundraising, mildly suggesting that political interest groups direct donations to senators with the most influence. 相似文献
982.
According to numerous studies, the election‐year economy influences presidential election results far more than cumulative growth throughout the term. Here we describe a series of surveys and experiments that point to an intriguing explanation for this pattern that runs contrary to standard political science explanations, but one that accords with a large psychological literature. Voters, we find, actually intend to judge presidents on cumulative growth. However, since that characteristic is not readily available to them, voters inadvertently substitute election‐year performance because it is more easily accessible. This “end‐heuristic” explanation for voters’ election‐year emphasis reflects a general tendency for people to simplify retrospective assessments by substituting conditions at the end for the whole. The end‐heuristic explanation also suggests a remedy, a way to align voters’ actions with their intentions. Providing people with the attribute they are seeking—cumulative growth—eliminates the election‐year emphasis. 相似文献
983.
The experiences of young people in developed societies such as Japan and the UK have undergone considerable change in the last 30 or so years. Our starting point is that such developments are associated with the globalization of institutions and an individualization of experience, which destabilizes life-course transitions and cultural transmission between generations. However, we continue to assert the importance of the national framework, defined by national cultures and territorial jurisdictions, in mediating global processes. Adapting Connolly's (2005. Pluralism. Durham, NC: Duke University Press) differentiation between types of politics in late modernity, we argue for a distinction to be made between being citizens and becoming citizens. Being a citizen involves integration into pre-existing collective identities such as nation-states which increasingly act to restrict membership to the citizen community. With this in mind, we compare the key sites of social recognition in Japan and the UK for young people and identify some fundamental barriers to citizenship. In addition, we discuss the ways in which conventional social and educational policy responses aimed at integrating young people into work and nation perpetuate their precarious relationship to citizenship. These processes are contrasted with becoming a citizen, which is dynamic, intimately connected to cultural learning and the creation of new civic virtues and sources of recognition. 相似文献
984.
985.
986.
987.
Procter L Bernard A Ginn G Kearney P Pienkowski D 《Journal of forensic sciences》2011,56(Z1):S105-S108
The wooden plank fence presents a deadly but unrecognized hazard to motorists. We hypothesize that fence plank injury is prevalent and results in significant morbidity and mortality. Databases of the University of Kentucky's Level I Trauma Center and the Fayette County Coroner were retrospectively analyzed over a 12-year period (1995-2006). One hundred and twenty-eight subjects were involved in vehicle contact with wooden plank fences. One hundred and twenty-three subjects were evaluated at the Emergency Department of our trauma center; 35 (27%) had a patient-plank interaction (PPI). Men (30/35) were more frequently involved (86%), and average age was 32.8 years. Thirty-two (91%) were drivers; 14/35 (40%) died from PPI-related injuries. The most common cause of death was blunt head trauma in 13 of these 14 fatally injured subjects (93%). This study provides new data underscoring the frequency, lethality, and economic consequences of this injury mechanism. Further research is needed to quantify the national prevalence of this problem and develop injury-mitigating strategies pertaining to roadway or fence design. 相似文献
988.
Ackerman AR Harris AJ Levenson JS Zgoba K 《International journal of law and psychiatry》2011,34(3):149-159
Despite growing focus on registration and notification systems as central elements of national sex offender management practice, there has been remarkably little systematic analysis of the content of these registries and the diversity of individuals contained within them. Specifically, little research attention has been paid to examining the heterogeneity of the population of registered sex offenders — a circumstance that may obscure important distinctions within the population and, in turn, may undermine the ostensible purpose of SORN to prevent sexual victimization. Addressing this significant gap in our current knowledge, this article sets forth a national profile of the registered sex offender (RSO) population, drawn from an analysis of data on 445,127 RSOs obtained from the public registries of 49 states, Washington, DC, Puerto Rico and Guam. In contrast with the homogenized perception about registered sex offenders that permeates much public discourse, the analysis illuminates the wide diversity of registrants across a range of demographic, offense-related, registry status, and risk-oriented variables. Policy and practice implications concerning risk, prevention, and the public safety utility of sex offender registries are discussed. 相似文献
989.
Andrew Halpin 《European Journal of Law and Economics》2011,31(1):91-109
In this contribution I focus on a particular characteristic of Ronald Coase’s work, as exhibited in “The Problem of Social
Cost”: his ability to force upon his audience a clearer grasp of reality than they previously held. More specifically, I aim
to consider to what extent the “blackboard economics” that Coase himself derided have been avoided in a Coasean world, taking
that expression to refer in some sense to a world where Coasean insights can flourish, and as such to be a world not simply
of Coase’s own making but a world that has been developed by others in applying the Coase Theorem. My strategy is to interrogate
the nature of a Coasean world through developing a framework that can look more closely at different approaches to theoretical
modelling, the different worlds involved in these models, and the different positive and normative applications that can be
derived from them. I shall further consider whether the understanding of the law that inhabits a Coasean world reflects a
“real-world” legal environment. Finally, I shall seek to assess the impact of Coase’s work on our understanding of the relationship
between law and economics, in our world. 相似文献
990.
Dave Huitema Andrew Jordan Eric Massey Tim Rayner Harro van Asselt Constanze Haug Roger Hildingsson Suvi Monni Johannes Stripple 《Policy Sciences》2011,44(2):179-198
Climate policy is a relatively young and dynamic area of public policy making. However, its development has attracted far
more attention than the results it delivers in practice, which of course are the concern of policy evaluators. This article
attempts to provide the first systematic cataloging of the emerging patterns of policy evaluation undertaken in different
parts of the European Union. Theories of policy evaluation suggest that these evaluation practices should acknowledge the
inherent complexity of climate policy making, be reflexive by questioning official policy goals, and be participatory. A meta-analysis
of 259 climate policy evaluations suggests that current practice engages with some but not all of these issues. This article
concludes by analyzing the implications of this finding for those in the academic and practitioner community who are keen
to understand the extent to which climate policy evaluation is delivering on its promises. 相似文献