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41.
Zuzana Obertová Ph.D. Pascal Adalian Ph.D. Eric Baccino M.D. Eugenia Cunha Ph.D. Hans H. De Boer M.D. Ph.D. Tony Fracasso M.D. Elena Kranioti M.D. Ph.D. Philippe Lefévre Ph.D. Niels Lynnerup M.D. Ph.D. Anja Petaros M.D. Ph.D. Ann Ross Ph.D. Maryna Steyn M.D. Ph.D. Cristina Cattaneo M.D. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(4):1017-1025
One of the goals of the Forensic Anthropology Society of Europe (FASE) is to map the existing education and practice opportunities in the field of forensic anthropology in order to support the development of the discipline and to optimize the training courses provided by the Society. To address this goal, an online questionnaire was sent to European and South African practitioners of forensic anthropology and related disciplines in 2016. The results of the questionnaire showed that the status and roles of forensic anthropologists vary depending on the national legal systems, education, and employment status of the practitioners. Despite the fact that the expertise of forensic anthropologists has been increasingly requested in a variety of investigations and the spectrum of tasks has become broader, including identification of living persons, specialized education in forensic anthropology is still restricted to a few graduate and postgraduate programs in European countries and to annual FASE courses. 相似文献
42.
Decorte R Engelen M Larno L Nelissen K Gilissen A Cassiman JJ 《Forensic science international》2004,139(2-3):211-213
The allele and genotype distributions for 15 STR loci included in the AmpFlSTR SGM Plus and AmpFlSTR Profiler kits (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, USA) were determined in a sample of 222 unrelated individuals of Belgian origin. 相似文献
43.
Anja C. Groth M.S. James H. Barnes Ph.D. Cris Lewis Ph.D. Cynthia K. Murray Ph.D. Fakhrildeen Albahadily Ph.D. Thomas H. Jourdan Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2016,61(4):913-921
The information inherent in cigarette ash in the form of trace‐metal concentrations may be of use in a forensic context as it can indicate the brand from which the ash originated. This knowledge might help place suspects at crime scenes or determine how many people may have been present. To develop and test statistical models capable of classifying ash samples according to brand, commercial cigarettes procured in the U.S. and overseas were “smoked” using a peristaltic pump, mimicking the range of human smoking habits. Ash samples were digested in a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acid applying microwave digestion and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis of the elemental data showed intrinsic differences between brands. Partial least squares‐discriminant analysis demonstrated that brand classification yields good sensitivity and specificity for a number of models tested. Varying smoking parameters did not impact the classification of ash samples. 相似文献
44.
Research on the impact of the macroeconomy on individual-level preferences for redistribution has produced varying results. This paper presents a new theory on the presence of an expansive welfare state during one’s formative years as a source of heterogeneity in the effect that macroeconomic conditions have on individuals’ preferences for redistributive policy. This theory is tested using cohort analysis via the British Social Attitudes surveys (1983–2010), with generations coming of age between the end of World War I and today. Findings confirm that cohorts that were socialised before and after the introduction of the welfare state react differently to economic crises: the former become less supportive of redistribution, while the latter become more supportive. The research sheds light on the long-term shifts of support for the welfare state due to generational replacement. 相似文献
45.
Stacy-Ann A. January W. Alex Mason Jukka Savolainen Starr Solomon Mary B. Chmelka Jouko Miettunen Juha Veijola Irma Moilanen Anja Taanila Marjo-Riitta Järvelin 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2017,46(1):180-196
Children and adolescents exposed to multiple contextual risks are more likely to have academic difficulties and externalizing behavior problems than those who experience fewer risks. This study used data from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (a population-based study; N?=?6961; 51?% female) to investigate (a) the impact of cumulative contextual risk at birth on adolescents’ academic performance and misbehavior in school, (b) learning difficulties and/or externalizing behavior problems in childhood as intervening mechanisms in the association of cumulative contextual risk with functioning in adolescence, and (c) potential gender differences in the predictive associations of cumulative contextual risk at birth with functioning in childhood or adolescence. The results of the structural equation modeling analysis suggested that exposure to cumulative contextual risk at birth had negative associations with functioning 16 years later, and academic difficulties and externalizing behavior problems in childhood mediated some of the predictive relations. Gender, however, did not moderate any of the associations. Therefore, the findings of this study have implications for the prevention of learning and conduct problems in youth and future research on the impact of cumulative risk exposure. 相似文献
46.
The discussion on how to finance the Statutory Health Insurance (SHI) repeatedly appeared prominently in the political discussions of previous election campaigns for the German Bundestag. However, in 2013 this topic remained only marginal. The recent marginalisation of health policy is closely linked to the political processes and results inherent to a health ministry having the FDP at its helm from 2009 to 2013. The effects of several fundamental reforms introduced during this period closely follow the disputed market orientation of the liberal democratic thought and rendered the corresponding results. However, this was hardly perceived in public and the political discussion was distracted from health policy. The most ambitious project of the FDP and of parts of the Christian parties was the introduction of a health premium. Actually the CSU opposed its realisation. Other policies even contrasted the goals of the FDP. 相似文献
47.
Anja Nygren 《The Journal of peasant studies》2013,40(4):827-854
This paper analyses the diverse ways in which peasant households struggle to earn their living and cope with distress amid the processes of globalisation, the decreasing role of agriculture, and market-based models of rural development, by drawing on research conducted among peasant households in northern Honduras. Special attention is paid to the socio-political processes that shape the opportunities and constraints of local households in diversifying their livelihoods and to social networks, cultural norms, political power relations, and institutional mechanisms that mediate people's access to different livelihood options. The results of our study show that although peasant households engage in an array of livelihood practices, their sources of income are sporadic and their strategies of living are vulnerable. An overemphasis on the capacity of the poor to reshape their lives and reformulate their livelihood strategies easily underestimates the ways in which the inequitable socio-economic structures and political power relations constrain the livelihood options of the poor. 相似文献
48.
Armin Steinbach 《European Law Journal》2022,28(1-3):36-49
EU Treaties contain an arsenal of purpose-defined and ambiguous competences that are enjoyed by EU institutions, yet devote little attention to the restraining impact of EU competences on Member States' autonomy and policies. While the focus has traditionally been on subsidiarity to deal with competence issues, the judgment of the Bundesverfassungsgericht in Weiss revitalises the discussion on the potential of proportionality to guide competence issues. This inquiry seeks to highlight both the existing traces of competence proportionality employed by the Court to allocate competences as well as the potential of the proportionality standard to temper the spillovers on Member States' autonomy accruing from the exercise of EU competences. While the Treaty restricts proportionality to reviewing the use (not existence) of EU competences, the Court has implicitly employed proportionality considerations to verify the existence of EU competences. In addition, drawing from established case law, competence proportionality assessments could rely on an effect-based substantive review in combination with procedural duties allowing a meaningful balancing of national autonomy against the dynamics of deeper integration. 相似文献
49.
Azrak B Victor A Willershausen B Pistorius A Hörr C Gleissner C 《Journal of forensic sciences》2007,52(1):146-150
The aim of this study was to establish correlations of clinical and radiological dental findings, alone or in combination, with chronological age in adults. Dental findings and orthopantomograms of 984 patients (aged 20-60 years; 524 females/460 males) were analyzed. DMF-T index and distance (alveolar bone level, ABL) between cemento-enamel junction and alveolar bone margin were recorded. Additionally, clinical and radiological findings at each tooth crown and root were collected according to the actual status of destruction and restoration, and a total score for each dentition (TSD) was calculated. After univariate correlation analysis, correlation coefficients for ABL and TSD were improved by using square root (sqrt). However, the determination accuracy was still not satisfactory; 90% of the residuals were in the range of about +/-10. The present study showed that clinical and radiological dental findings could not be used, not even in combination, for accurate age estimation as a single method, but that they could support other methods. 相似文献
50.
Anja Schmiele 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2012,37(1):98-123
This paper aims to shed light on firm-specific drivers that lead firms to internationalise their innovation activities. The
paper paints a comprehensive picture of driving forces by including firm capabilities, characteristics of the firm’s competitive
environment and the influence of innovation obstacles in the home country. In particular the influence of potential driving
forces on the probability to carry out different innovative activities abroad is assessed (R&D, design/conception of new products,
manufacturing of innovative products and implementation of new processes). In a second stage these driving forces are observed
with regard to their impact on the decision to locate innovation activities in various countries and regions (China, Eastern
Europe, Western Europe and North America) as well as in groups of countries with similar levels of knowledge (“country clubs”).
The analysis is based on the Mannheim Innovation Panel survey which represents the German CIS (Community Innovation Survey)
contribution. Two survey waves have been combined, resulting in a sample of about 1,400 firms. The results show that the decision
to perform innovation activities abroad is mainly driven by organisational capabilities such as absorptive capacities, international
experience and existing technological competences of the respective firm. Innovation barriers at the German home base such
as lack of labour and high innovation costs prompt the set-up of later-stage innovation activities abroad while the lack of
demand demonstrates a barrier to the internationalisation decision for the development and manufacturing of new products.
Location decisions receive the strongest influencing effects from the international experience of the firm. Firms which innovate
in developing countries seem to require a more extensive level of international experience through international R&D cooperation. 相似文献