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571.
Anna Gwiazda 《The Journal of Legislative Studies》2017,23(3):326-347
Gender quotas aim to increase women’s parliamentary representation. However, the effectiveness of quotas varies. This article explores this issue further by examining the case of Poland, where gender quotas were introduced in 2011. The Polish case presents an interesting puzzle. Although the overall number of women candidates increased almost twofold in comparison with the pre-quota period, this translated into only a slight increase in the number of women deputies in 2011 and 2015. Hence, the impact of quotas was limited. However, the partisan analysis shows that there was a significant variation among individual parties: whereas some parties promoted wholeheartedly women’s access to political office, other parties did not facilitate it. By drawing on rational choice institutionalism, this article shows that institutions and preferences of political parties matter for the effectiveness of gender quotas. In the case of ineffective gender quota policy, political parties have a final say in women’s parliamentary representation. 相似文献
572.
Anna Kern 《Local Government Studies》2018,44(2):183-203
Proponents of direct democracy claim that participation in decision-making stimulates future engagement. However, there is also evidence showing that participation is lower in systems that provide comparatively more opportunities for direct democratic involvement. Hence, it is unclear whether direct democratic involvement promotes or discourages other forms of political participation. In this study, the relationship between direct democratic involvement and the intention for political protest is evaluated empirically, based on data that was gathered in the scope of a local referendum in Belgium. Unique two-wave panel data from before and after the referendum is complemented by qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with local policymakers and citizens. While the findings generally support the claim that direct democratic involvement fosters future participation, there is no indication that the relationship is mediated by political efficacy. Apparently, the theory of participatory democracy is also useful in societies that have little experience with direct democratic decision-making. 相似文献
573.
Lisa L. Liu Anna S. Lau Angela Chia-Chen Chen Khanh T. Dinh Su Yeong Kim 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(5):691-702
Associations among neighborhood disadvantage, maternal acculturation, parenting and conduct problems were investigated in
a sample of 444 Chinese American adolescents. Adolescents (54% female, 46% male) ranged from 12 to 15 years of age (mean age = 13.0 years).
Multilevel modeling was employed to test the hypothesis that the association between maternal acculturation and adolescents’
conduct problems could be explained by differences in mothers’ reliance on monitoring and harsh discipline. In addition, guided
by segmented assimilation theory, measures of neighborhood disadvantage were expected not only to be related to differences
in parenting, but also to moderate the effects of maternal acculturation on parenting. Results indicated that increased maternal
acculturation was related to higher levels of maternal monitoring and lower levels of harsh discipline, which, in turn, were
related to lower levels of adolescents’ conduct problems. Hierarchical linear modeling results revealed that neighborhood
disadvantage was related to lower levels of maternal monitoring. However, neighborhood disadvantage did not moderate the link
between maternal acculturation and parenting practices.
相似文献
Lisa L. LiuEmail: |
574.
Stephen T. Russell Anna Muraco Aarti Subramaniam Carolyn Laub 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(7):891-903
In the field of positive youth development programs, “empowerment” is used interchangeably with youth activism, leadership,
civic participation and self-efficacy. However, few studies have captured what empowerment means to young people in diverse
contexts. This article explores how youth define and experience empowerment in youth-led organizations characterized by social
justice goals: high school Gay-Straight Alliances (GSAs). Through focus group interviews, fifteen youth leaders of GSAs from
different regions of California explain what they think empowerment means and how they became empowered through their involvement
with the GSA. Youth describe three inter-related dimensions of empowerment: personal empowerment, relational empowerment,
and strategic empowerment through having and using knowledge. When these three dimensions are experienced in combination,
GSA leaders have the potential for individual and collective empowerment as agents of social change at school. By understanding
these youth’s perspectives on the meanings of empowerment, this article clarifies the conceptual arena for future studies
of socially marginalized youth and of positive youth development. 相似文献
575.
Rather than rewarding applicants seeking relief from the draconian 1905 Aborigines Act, Exemption Certificates in Western Australia became a bureaucratic weapon to enforce their rigid control through enforced prohibitions on alcohol for Nyungar people. Applications were routinely rejected, regardless of the applicant's way of life, which quickly deteriorated under the “care” of the Aborigines Department. At the same time, new laws further enforcing prohibitions through increased fines and imprisonment, meant few had any hope of release. This combination derailed the exemption process. The injustices were recently revealed by the Ancestors' Words: Nyungar Letter Writing in the Archives Project, which located activist application letters written by Ancestors of today's Nyungar families, letters which were held for many decades in archive files of the Aborigines Department. The files also contained devastating letters of rejection written by the Minister, his officers and local police. The Ancestors' letters of courage and their distressing rejections in reply are examined here in a powerful case study developed in conversations between two Nyungar Elders, the writer's granddaughter, and the project researcher. The study also reveals how the project's respectful return of letters to the Elders can restore these important stories from the past to the flow of living family memories, down the generations. 相似文献
576.
Anna Corbo Crehan 《Police Practice and Research》2019,20(3):300-312
ABSTRACTThe importance of ethics in policing and, therefore, in police education and training, is widely acknowledged. Nonetheless, disagreement often exists about the ways in which police ethics subjects should be taught and who should teach them. In this paper, three areas of debate will be critiqued, with the aim of arriving at principled responses to the underlying issues. The first issue will be whether police ethics subjects should include any ethical theory and, if so, to what extent. Related to this, but also a distinct issue in itself, is the question of whether standalone police ethics subjects should be valued over dispersing ethics learning throughout a police curriculum (e.g. as a ‘golden thread‘ running through every subject). Finally, the question of who should teach police ethics subjects will be considered. Here, the issues largely revolve around the relevant significance of philosophical expertise, knowledge and critical analysis as compared to policing expertise. Importantly, the principled responses developed in the paper will not only be theoretically sound. They will also take account of the real-world conditions in which many police ethics subjects are delivered, particularly situations where agreements in place require police ethics subjects to be taught by both police officers and academics. 相似文献
577.
Anna Efimova Denis Strebkov 《The international spectator : a quarterly journal of the Istituto affari internazionali》2020,55(1):93-111
ABSTRACTEmpirical studies in democracies have revealed some degree of causal relationship between public opinion and foreign policy. A look at the relationship between the evolution of Russian foreign policy priorities, as evidenced in the Foreign Policy Concepts (2000, 2008, 2013 and 2016), and public opinion regarding foreign policy measured from 1997 to 2018 shows significant shifts in perceptions of the nation’s international image. The amity/enmity feelings towards others can be explained as responses to key international events, endorsing the thesis of a rational and reactive public. Overall, public opinion and the official policy line in Russia move in the same direction. 相似文献
578.
Netherlands International Law Review - 相似文献
579.
This conversation between two scholars of international law focuses on the contemporary realities of feminist analysis of international law and on current and future spaces of resistance. It notes that feminism has moved from the margin towards the centre, but that this has also come at a cost. As the language of women’s rights and gender equality has travelled into the international policy worlds of crisis management and peace and security, feminist scholars need to become more careful in their analysis and find new ways of resistance. While noting that we live in dangerous times, this is also a hopeful discussion. 相似文献
580.
Giuri Paola Grimaldi Rosa Kochenkova Anna Munari Federico Toschi Laura 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2020,45(1):122-150
The Journal of Technology Transfer - A growing stream of the academic literature has investigated the factors that hamper the participation of women researchers in patenting and commercialization... 相似文献