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31.
Drawing on the strategic surprise, warning-response, and foreign policy literature, this article argues that the September 11 terror attacks should be regarded as a strategic surprise and examines a number of key factors that contributed to vulnerability and inhibited vigilance. Three broad explanatory "cuts" derived from the literature—psychological, bureau-organizational, and agenda-political—are deployed to sift through the rapidly expanding empirical record in an effort to shed light on the processes and contextual factors that left the United States vulnerable to the attacks. The article aims to improve our understanding of generic processes and practices that enhance or detract from vulnerability and vigilance. 相似文献
32.
国际环境争端解决机制研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
解决和避免国际环境争端已成为近年来备受关注的论题。无论是在1992年联合国环境与发展大会期间还是新近多边环境协定的谈判和实施过程中,国际环境法的遵守问题都引起了各国政府和国际法学者的关注。多边环境条约、联合国海洋法公约以及WTO规则,是国际环境争端解决机制的主要法律渊源。在一定范围内,这些多边条约和条约体系相互影响、相互推动,又相互矛盾和冲突,呈现出国际环境争端解决机制的独特发展形态。 相似文献
33.
K A Hewadikaram M L Goff 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》1991,12(3):235-240
Decomposition studies were conducted using two carcasses of domestic pigs, Sus scrofa L., 8.4 kg and 15.1 kg in weight, to determine the effects of carcass size on the rate of decomposition, composition of the arthropod fauna, and succession patterns. A total of 46 arthropod taxa were recovered during this study. No size-related differences were observed between carcasses with respect to composition of the arthropod fauna or patterns of succession. A greater number of arthropods were observed attracted to the 15.1-kg carcass, and the rate of decomposition observed was more rapid for the 15.1-kg carcass than for the 8.4-kg carcass. Internal temperatures of the 8.4-kg carcass were more directly related to external ambient temperatures during the fresh and bloated stages of decomposition. During the decay stage, both carcasses generated internal temperatures significantly above ambient temperatures. Following this stage, internal temperatures fell to approximate ambient temperatures during the postdecay and remains stages. 相似文献
34.
35.
James K. Galbraith 《Journal of policy analysis and management》1991,10(1):134-135
36.
Fukunari Kimura 《Asia Europe Journal》2003,1(2):197-211
East Asia, including Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia, has developed tightly-linked production/distribution networks through
globalizing corporate activities. The vertical chain of production in East Asia has been even more sophisticated than economic
integration in East Europe or Latin America. However, the political environment of East Asia for trade and investment has
been far from borderless. The integration effort at the policy level has been very much limited so far, due to the historical
background as well as geopolitics surrounding East Asia.
The Asian currency/financial crisis provided these countries a historical turning point. After the burst of the crisis, East
Asians realized that they have to take care of themselves in their difficulties, not depending on outside forces. A natural
choice for them was to step into the realm of regionalism. In 1998, Japan and Korea officially announced that they would discard
the long-lasting GATT/WTO-only approach and adapt the multi-layered approach, including both regionalism and multilateralism.
The ultimate goal of regionalism would be a region-wide integration including ASEAN+3. As a steppingstone, Japan signed the
Japan-Singapore Economic Partnership Agreement (JSEPA) in January 2002. In a parallel move, the ASEAN and China Leaders announced
in November 2001 the establishment of an ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) within 10 years.
This article will follow up the most recent advancement of regional institutional building in East Asia with the emphasis
on peculiar characteristics of economic integration in the region and discuss its implications for Asia-Europe relations.
This paper is heavily drawn from Kimura (2002, 2003). 相似文献
37.
This paper links the policy context regarding S&T parks to the objectives and characteristics of the established parks and
incubators in a relatively small, converging European country. S&T parks and incubators in Greece during the past decade and
a half have gradually shifted in terms of ownership and management from university/research institute to the private sector
and in terms of financing from public to private funds, also involving the provision of seed capital and access to venture
capital. This gradual shift toward more private engagement has created a variety of models out of which, it is hoped, successful
innovative companies will emerge in larger numbers than in the past.
相似文献
相似文献
38.
39.
This paper reviews the existing literature on consumer credit reporting, the most extensively used instrument to overcome
information asymmetry and adverse selection problems in credit markets. Despite the copious literature in economics and some
research in regulatory policy, the legal community has paid almost no attention to the legal framework of consumer credit
information systems, specially within the context of the European Union. Studies on the topic, however, seem particularly
relevant in view of the establishment of a single market for consumer credit. This article ultimately calls for further legal
research to address consumer protection concerns and inform future legislation.
相似文献
40.
Fabio Domanico 《European Journal of Law and Economics》2007,23(3):199-221
This article offers an analysis of the European airline industry in order to understand the new dynamics of the competitive
field. The liberalization process did not lead the entrance of competitors similar to incumbents, but a new organizational
model has been developed, the one of low cost carriers. The incumbents’ reaction to the liberalization process coupled with
the entrance of low cost companies into the sector are hence considered. Two theories are analysed: the contestable markets
theory, to understand the theoretical vision that has influenced the liberalization process, and the core theory, a modern
approach to the concept of destructive competition that, according to some authors, is a recurring problem in the sector.
While numerous barriers to entry still exist, the paper examines how the organizational model of low cost companies has helped
new entrants to overtake these obstacles. By the same token, the application of the core theory does not seem to justify strategic
alliances taking place in these years. The competitive framework is definitely clearer if we analyse sector changes in a different
way, from the point of view of low cost companies considered as new market actors. 相似文献