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421.
Angeles Sánchez-Andrés José Antonio Barea Noemí Rivaldería Concepción Alonso-Rodríguez Esperanza Gutiérrez-Redomero 《Science & justice》2018,58(5):323-334
The variation in the epidermal ridge's width between the sexes, during various growth stages, and among different populations has been previously assessed. However, the changes that occur with aging are barely known.The goal of this study was to analyse the degree of variation in epidermal ridge width due to aging. So that, fingerprint ridge density was estimated to establish their relationship with body and hand size changes that typically occur in adulthood.In this study, a sample of 213 adults of both sexes from a Spanish native population of different age ranges—18–30?years old (“junior” group) and 50–66?years old (“senior” group)—was used. Ridge density was assessed in three counting areas of the distal phalanx of each finger (radial, ulnar, and proximal). Height, weight, and a set of anthropometric measurements for both hands were also taken.Our results show that ridge density is higher in females than males throughout adulthood and decreases with aging in the radial and ulnar areas (as the hands widen) but not in the proximal region. Thus, a relationship between hand dimensions and ridge density was found.The data indicate that aging changes may conceal the recognized sex differences in ridge density, and so a better understanding of the topological variations in the epidermal ridge width throughout the life cycle and the factors involved would facilitate the interpretation of the differences between the sexes and different age groups. 相似文献
422.
Jesús J. Sánchez-Barricarte 《The History of the Family》2018,23(1):90-108
Using aggregated data from 25 developed countries over a lengthy period of time, this article presents a measure of the marriage boom observed in the twentieth century and an explanation for its causes. One of my main conclusions is that even though it basically developed after the Second World War, its origins are to be found before it. I found that, contrary to the views of some scholars, this boom was not a short-lived phenomenon, but actually lasted for 90 years on average. Using panel data analysis techniques, I am able to show that the rise in women’s education, state spending on social benefits, and larger percentages of people employed in the primary sector tended to discourage marriage. I also found a quadratic relationship between the nuptiality index and the per capita income and mortality rates. 相似文献
423.
Fiber evidence found on a suspect vehicle was the only useful trace to reconstruct the dynamics of the transportation of two corpses. Optical microscopy, UV-Vis microspectrophotometry and infrared analysis were employed to compare fibers recovered in the trunk of a car to those of the blankets composing the wrapping in which the victims had been hidden. A "pseudo-1:1" taping permitted to reconstruct the spatial distribution of the traces and to further strengthen the support to one of the hypotheses. The Likelihood Ratio (LR) was calculated, in order to quantify the support given by forensic evidence to the explanations proposed. A generalization of the Likelihood Ratio equation to cases analogous to this has been derived. Fibers were the only traces that helped in the corroboration of the crime scenario, being absent any DNA, fingerprints and ballistic evidence. 相似文献
424.
Belviso M De Donno A Vitale L Introna F 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》2003,24(3):292-297
Positional asphyxia, a fatal condition arising because of the adoption of particular body positions, causing mechanical interference with pulmonary ventilation, can occur in various circumstances that are likely to come under the observation of the specialist in legal medicine (work, car accidents, torture, kidnapping, etc.). It is difficult to diagnose the cause of death in such cases because they generally present with an aspecific anatomopathologic picture. In some situations, positional asphyxia can be hard to distinguish from asphyxia because of chest compression. The main difference is in the way the event occurred: whether the particular position causing the asphyxia had been adopted by choice or by compulsion or necessity when an extrinsic mechanical action would result in traumatic asphyxia. The diagnosis of positional asphyxia is essentially based on 3 criteria: the body position must obstruct normal gas exchange, it must be impossible to move to another position, and other causes of natural or violent death must be excluded. To illustrate the main physiopathologic and diagnostic causes of positional asphyxia, the authors report 2 cases taken from the records of events that came under the observation of the Medico-Legal Sector of Bari University Hospital throughout the last 10 years. 相似文献
425.
Maglietta RA Di Fazio A Greco MG Introna F De Donno A 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》2005,26(1):89-91
The authors illustrate a peculiar case of murder-suicide committed with a homemade firearm loaded with 12-gauge cartridges (buckshot). The structure and function of this handcrafted firearm were simple but effective: an iron tube did duty as a barrel in this primitive firearm. The cartridges (modified by winding sticky tape around the external surface of the base) were inserted down one end of the tube (serving as the breech). A second iron tube with a larger diameter (so as to be able to run over each of the preloaded barrels) and with a jutting, cone-shaped metal wedge soldered to the base, was used as a rudimental firing pin. After loading the "barrel" with the modified cartridge, the gunman would ram the "firing pin" tube violently down to fire the shot. Autopsy of the woman's body showed the presence of 3 gunshot wounds caused by buckshot, while the man had a single buckshot wound in the head. Subsequent ballistic investigations enabled reconstruction of the event (typical of murder-suicide) and the functioning of the firearm, demonstrating its lethal nature, remarkably easy handling, and simplicity of production. 相似文献
426.
Absorbance peak areas of nitrile (2240 cm(-1)), carbonyl (1730 cm(-1)) and CH (1370 cm(-1)) groups were obtained for 48 colorless acrylic fibers by infrared (IR) microspectroscopy. The carbonyl signal, related to the comonomers most commonly used in acrylic fibers, was ratioed against the nitrile and CH bands, pertaining to the backbone of the polymer chains. The ratios A1730/A2240 and A1730/A1370, a relative measure of the comonomer content in the fiber, were used to differentiate the samples. A decrease in the crystallinity of fibers has been noted with increasing comonomer content. Relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) of the ratios were 1 and 3% for repetitive analyses on the same location and along the length of the same single fiber, respectively. When different fibers of the same sample were examined, results were reproducible within 6%. This simple method can greatly enhance the evidential value of colorless acrylic fibers, being able to discriminate them and thus helping the Court to better assess their significance. 相似文献
427.
Michel?ClaesEmail author Eric?Lacourse Anna-Paula?Ercolani Antonio?Pierro Luigi?Leone Fabio?Presaghi 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2005,34(5):401-411
The objective of this study was to investigate the links between maternal and paternal bonding, parental practices, orientation
toward peers, and the prevalence of drug use and antisocial behavior during late adolescence. A model was tested using structural
equation modeling in order to verify the robustness of the investigated links across 3 countries: Canada, France, and Italy.
A self-report questionnaire was given to a sample of 908 adolescents, with an equivalent number of girls and boys, in Grade
11. The questionnaire assessed the following variables: parental bonding, parental supervision, parental tolerance, orientation
toward peers, involvement in physically aggressive antisocial behavior, non-physically aggressive antisocial behavior, and
drug use. The model was robust across the 3 countries, thus confirming a path that identified quality of emotional bonds between
adolescents and their parents as a distal variable acting upon deviant behaviors through the following mediators: parental
supervision, parental tolerance, frequency of conflicts, and orientation toward peers.
Michel Claes is full professor at the Université de Montréal, Canada. He received his Ph.D. in Education from Université Catholique
de Louvain, Belgium. His major research interest is in social development in adolescence, with a special focus on intercultural
studies. 相似文献
428.
Antonio García y García 《Ratio juris》1997,10(1):25-35
In this paper the author examines certain ideas of the Spanish School of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries which directly inspired the School of Hugo Grotius in the seventeenth, thus opening the way towards possible declarations of human rights such as that of United Nations. The line of thought which extends from Francisco de Vitoria (1492/93–1546) to Francisco Suárez (1548–1617) is given the name of the "Spanish natural law and law of nations School." 相似文献
429.
430.
Olúfémi Táíwò 《Human Rights Review》2006,7(2):17-34
In recent years, the judicial systems of African countries have been increasingly ineffective, as demonstrated in cases as
varied as the genocide in Rwanda and the land seizures in Zimbabwe. It is not only in cases involving individual rights and
the state that the legal system is barely existent. The situation is just as bad, if not worse, in the administration of criminal
justice. Whether it is the police, the prisons, or the courts, under both military and democratic governments, we are confronted with evidence of the impotence of the judiciary. This article examines
the relationship between the executive and judicial branches of government in Nigeria. It also makes recommendations to improve
the responsiveness and effectiveness of African judiciaries in checking executive power. 相似文献