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101.
The article offers a review of centre–periphery relations and local politics in the Afghan province of Badakhshan from the 1980s to the post-2001 era. It maps the local powerbrokers and charts the transformations that occurred during this period, with particular reference to the impact of the central government's policies on local political alignments and relations of power. The key argument is that President Karzai's and the cabinet's behaviour towards Badakhshani politics was aimed at re-establishing a patrimonial system, rather than at institution-building as claimed. Unable or unwilling to successfully deal with established local players, Kabul resorted to sponsoring new players in local politics and facilitating their rise in order to weaken more independent powerbrokers. However, a local perception of weakness in Kabul, not least due to uncertainty over the durability of the Karzai administration, led local players, old and new, to behave with very short-term horizons, as ‘roving bandits’ rather than as ‘stationary’ ones. 相似文献
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The Application of Voltammetric Analysis of Δ9‐THC for the Reduction of False Positive Results in the Analysis of Suspected Marijuana Plant Matter 下载免费PDF全文
Marco A. Balbino Ph.D. Laura S. de Oliveira M.S. Izabel C. Eleotério Ph.D. Erica N. Oiye M.S. Maria F.M. Ribeiro M.S. Bruce R. McCord Ph.D. Antonio J. Ipolito M.S. Marcelo F. de Oliveira Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2016,61(4):1067-1073
The development of methodologies using inexpensive, fast, and reliable instrumention is desirable in illicit drug analysis. The purpose of this study was based on cyclic voltammetry technique to differentiate the electrochemical behavior of ?9‐THC, the psychoactive substance in marijuana, and five different extract plants to yield false positive results after analysis protocol for cannabinoids using thin‐layer chromatography and Fast Blue B salt. After applying a deposition potential of ?0.5 V in a glassy carbon working electrode, the results indicated an anodic peak current at 0.0 V versus Ag/AgCl after addition of ?9‐THC solution in the electrochemical cell, and limits of detection and quantification were 1.0 ng mL?1 and 3.5 ng mL?1, respectively. Other interfering plants showed distinct amperometric responses. This methodology was useful to detect ?9‐THC even in the presence of the Fast Blue B salt, which avoided false positive results for all the studied extract plants. 相似文献
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María Patricia Navas Lorena Maneiro Olalla Cutrín José Antonio Gómez-Fraguela Jorge Sobral 《Legal and Criminological Psychology》2021,26(2):196-214
Previous research has revealed a strong association between moral disengagement (MD) and criminal behaviour. However, few studies have attempted to examine the contribution of dark personalities to MD. This study aims to first analyse the differences between forensic and community samples in the use of MD strategies and then replicate the factorial structure of the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen scale in an incarcerated sample as a pre-condition to examine the relationship between dark triad (DT) traits (i.e. Machiavellianism, psychopathy and narcissism) and MD. The sample comprised 160 incarcerated and 160 community adults. Comparisons between these two groups demonstrate that the incarcerated sample scored higher in MD and DT than the community sample. Furthermore, different MD strategies were related to each of the DT traits in the forensic and community samples. The results of exploratory factor analysis for the incarcerated sample indicate adequate fit indices for a bifactorial model of the DT (a latent factor of the shared variance of these constructs named the global DT and three specific latent factors for each component of the DT). The SEM analysis for this bifactorial model and MD disclosed direct and significant relationships between the global DT and MD in the incarcerated adults, while the Machiavellianism factor was directly and significantly related to MD in the community adults. These results highlight the relevance of cognitive (i.e. MD) strategies in forensic contexts, especially in incarcerated adults who present high levels of this DT profile. 相似文献
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Lovo JS Saul J Fondevila M Salas A Brión M Lareu MV Carracedo A 《Forensic science international》2004,142(1):45-49
Eight Y-chromosome STRs were investigated in a male population sample from El Salvador. Complete Y-chromosomal STRs haplotypes were obtained in 121 individuals, among which 107 different haplotypes were observed. The two most common haplotypes were shared by approximately 4% of the sample, while 100 haplotypes were unique. The gene diversity was 0.9883 and the discrimination capacity was 0.8926. The combined Y-chromosome STR polymorphisms provide a powerful discrimination tool for routine forensic applications. 相似文献
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Luca Corazzini Sebastian Kube Michel André Maréchal Antonio Nicolò 《American journal of political science》2014,58(3):579-592
Traditionally, the virtue of democratic elections has been seen in their role as means of screening and sanctioning shirking public officials. This article proposes a novel rationale for elections and political campaigns considering that candidates incur psychological costs of lying, in particular from breaking campaign promises. These nonpecuniary costs imply that campaigns influence subsequent behavior, even in the absence of reputational or image concerns. Our lab experiments reveal that promises are more than cheap talk. They influence the behavior of both voters and their representatives. We observe that the electorate is better off when their leaders are elected democratically rather than being appointed exogenously—but only in the presence of electoral campaigns. In addition, we find that representatives are more likely to serve the public interest when their approval rates are high. Altogether, our results suggest that elections and campaigns confer important benefits beyond their screening and sanctioning functions. 相似文献
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