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51.
Ashley B. Barr Ronald L. Simons Leslie Gordon Simons Frederick X. Gibbons Meg Gerrard 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2013,42(12):1884-1897
Despite the declining rate of teen pregnancies in the United States, academic and public health experts have expressed concern over the still relatively high rate of rapid repeat pregnancies among adolescents, particularly among minority youth. Using a sample of over 300 African American female adolescents, the current study used insights from the prototype/willingness model of adolescent risk behavior to explore this risk. More specifically, it assessed the relationship between entry into unwed motherhood during mid-to-late adolescence and changes in prototypes of unmarried pregnant teens. Further, it explored the extent to which these changing prototypes accounted for young mothers’ later contraceptive expectations. We tested the possibility that social images were affected not only by personal experience (the birth of a child) but also by the family and community context in which this experience took place. The findings show that the early entrance into teen motherhood was associated with a shift toward more favorable prototypes of unwed pregnant teens, but that this was only the case for young mothers in disadvantaged contexts. Given this, prototype changes helped to explain the link between teen motherhood and contraceptive expectations only for those in disadvantaged contexts. We discuss these findings in terms of their practical and theoretical implications. 相似文献
52.
Malaika Mutere Adeline Nyamathi Ashley Christiani Jeff Sweat Glenna Avila Leo Hobaica Jr 《Child & Youth Services》2013,34(3):273-287
This pilot study demonstrates the roles of popular culture, media and the arts in the health and self-esteem of homeless youth. Reflecting focus group findings from a representative sample of street and sheltered youth, this article provides a qualitative assessment of what they advocated as an effective intervention that would promote the receipt of health services within their vulnerable community. Unlike alienating disease models where adverse health behaviors and outcomes determine intervention success or failure, a culturally-sensitive approach which provided skills mentoring and engaged the youth as health advocates seemed likely to produce important recovery incentives and enhanced health outcomes. 相似文献
53.
Fraser AM Padilla-Walker LM Coyne SM Nelson LJ Stockdale LA 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2012,41(5):636-649
Exposure to media violence, including violent video gaming, can have a cognitive desensitization effect, lowering empathic
concern for others in need. Since emerging adulthood offers increased opportunities to volunteer, strengthen relationships,
and initiate new relationships, decreases in empathic concern and prosocial behavior may prove inhibitive to optimal development
during this time. For these reasons, the current study investigated associations between violent video gaming, empathic responding,
and prosocial behavior enacted toward strangers, friends, and family members. Participants consisted of 780 emerging adults
(M age = 19.60, SD = 1.86, range = 18–29, 69% female, 69% Caucasian) from four universities in the United States. Results showed
small to moderate effects between playing violent video gaming and lowered empathic concern for both males and females. In
addition, lowered empathic concern partially mediated the pathways between violent video gaming and prosocial behavior toward
all three targets (at the level of a trend for females), but was most strongly associated with lower prosocial behavior toward
strangers. Discussion highlights how violent video gaming is associated with lower levels of prosocial behavior through the
mechanism of decreased empathic concern, how this association can affect prosocial behavior differently across target, and
finally what implications this might have for development during emerging adulthood. 相似文献
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Ashley Carver 《Critical Criminology》2014,22(3):419-432
In the post 9/11 world, expansion of extraordinary powers of control through criminal justice is an important area of study. However criminological study of how these powers expand into unintended areas of criminal justice is currently underdeveloped. A few notable authors have set out complimentary templates that can provide basic tools to understanding the processes by which extraordinary laws are normalised into not so extraordinary activity. By analysing, understanding and unifying the existing literature in this area, this article seeks to amalgamate the studies of control creep and normalisation of the extraordinary into one comprehensive school of thought capable of recognising, and analysing unjustified expansion of state power. Furthermore this article will analyse the G8/G20 Meetings in Ontario, Canada to demonstrate how the processes of creep and normalisation have intentionally been used to criminalise legitimate protest. 相似文献
59.
Simonne S. Nouer SeèTrail N. Mackey Nathan G. Tipton Ashley C. Miller Pamela D. Connor 《Journal of family violence》2014,29(6):675-679
Research has shown that intimate partner violence (IPV) prevalence and severity is higher and IPV duration is longer among couples that have children. Women frequently report that their children are the reason why they stay, leave, or return to an IPV relationship. Our study used results from a two-wave telephone survey to determine what IPV-associated factors were significant predictors of respondents’ children witnessing IPV, as well as estimating prevalence of children’s exposure to violence. We found that an increase in respondents’ age was significantly associated with increased odds of a child being exposed to violence. We also found that children witnessing violence were almost twice as likely to have mothers who reported leaving abusers. We hypothesize that increasing age corresponds to improved confidence in help-seeking behaviors. Our findings represent an important first step for future research on understanding how children influence IPV victims’ decision-making in seeking out service providers for help. 相似文献
60.
Xiaochun Jin Ashley Doukas Magdalen Beiting Ann Viksman 《Journal of family violence》2014,29(6):643-652
Kerala is one of the most progressive states in India in terms of women’s opportunities for higher education and employment. Despite these advancements in gender equality, intimate partner violence (IPV) against women remains high, with some studies finding increased rates of IPV in Kerala relative to other states. This study examines contributing factors to male-to-female IPV in Kerala. One hundred and thirty-four men were surveyed on perceived marital power, early exposure to violence, drinking habits, depression, and marital satisfaction in relation to current IPV. Forty percent of participants reported incidents of IPV in the past year. Batterers scored significantly higher on childhood abuse, drinking, depression, and marital dissatisfaction. These four predictor variables were all significantly correlated with male-to-female IPV, but perceived marital power was only partially correlated with IPV. Abuse in childhood emerged as the strongest predictor of current IPV. Implications and suggestions for further research are discussed. 相似文献