大众传媒与中国外交政策的制定

我国自20世纪70年代末启动改革开放进程,由此媒体对中国外交政策制定的影响总体上呈逐渐上升的趋势.目前中国的大众传媒之于外交政策显示了五大主要的功能.尽管中国外交政策的制定还不是一个充分开放的过程,但体制内的政治精英仍可引导公众舆论,影响大众的认知.     

南非教育的改革与发展

1994年以来,南非新政府把提高全民教育水平作为基本政策,旨在实现社会经济可持续发展。新制度的确立使种族主义教育成为历史,教育部门的变革和重建随即展开。新政府的重要任务是促进建立统一、公平、高质量的国家教育体制,使所有南非国民能够平等地接受教育。尤其重视改善在种族隔离制度下受到歧视的非洲黑人的受教育条件,以增强他们在社会经济中的竞争力。     

The use of phosphate buffered saline for the recovery of cells and spermatozoa from swabs.

In the forensic science laboratory, the recovery of spermatozoa from vaginal swabs, or vaginal cells from penile swabs, can help determine if sexual intercourse may have taken place. There are several methods used to recover spermatozoa and cells from the swabs before visualisation on a microscope slide and most of these methods use water. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) is a non-toxic solution used in many biological laboratories. Unlike water, PBS prevents cells rupturing or shrivelling up due to osmosis. This study demonstrates that PBS can be used for the extraction of spermatozoa and cells from swabs and that PBS does not affect subsequent DNA profiling.     

利伯曼及其领导的以色列家园党

在以色列第17届议会大选中,利伯曼领导的前苏联移民党——家园党获得了11个议席,从一个小党一跃成为议会第五大党。它的崛起主要靠其传统优势、铁腕路线和竞选策略,最大限度地争取前苏联移民、强硬分子和摇摆性选民的支持;同时,民众对前进党的猜疑、对利库德集团的失望,以及对哈马斯的担忧,也为家园党的胜出添加了有利条件。未来,家园党将不断扩大自身的影响力,积极谋求进一步的发展,并可能给以色列政局带来不少变数。     

Toxicologic findings in the USS Iowa disaster.

The toxicologic results from the 47 victims of the explosion on the USS Iowa are presented. Good correlation between carboxyhemoglobin saturations and cause of death was found. There were no correlations between blood cyanide concentrations and causes of death. Volatile analysis suggested postmortem ethanol production rather than antemortem ethanol ingestion. No drugs except nicotine were detected in any of the victims.     

When siting works, Canada-style.

Hazardous waste management poses increasing problems for Canadian provinces and American states, given the vast quantities and types of wastes generated and the virtual inability to open new storage, treatment, or disposal facilities. The Canadian experience is very similar to the American one in many respects, except for the fact that three provinces (Alberta, Manitoba, and Quebec) have devised alternative approaches to siting that appear successful in moving beyond the political gridlock so common on this issue. In each of these cases, traditional, top-down approaches to siting have been eschewed in favor of a more comprehensive approach that includes extensive public participation, economic and social compensation packages, formal partnerships between public and private organizations, and direct links between siting proposals and other aspects of waste management, including waste reduction, recycling, and export/import control.     

一种收集衣服上脱落细胞的新方法

目的建立一种生物脱落细胞的微量提取新方法。方法利用一套自制的“生物细胞提取仪”无损提取衣物等载体上的人体脱落细胞,采用Chelex-100法提取DNA,用不同的试剂盒进行STR复合扩增检验。结果10例检材都得到16个基因座成功分型。结论用该方法提取微量细胞DNA,可获得满意的DNA分型。     

The status of the extracorporeal embryo in German law (Part I).

The legislator, in the German Federal Republic, has opted for a specific legal solution in relation to the protection of the embryo. Carola Müller, in this article, describes this regulation as well as the reasons that have led to its adoption. The article finishes with an exposition of the existing social discussion in German society and the effect that the law has had.     

Logical evaluation of evidence when a person is suspected of committing two separate offences.

We consider the problem of drawing inferences within a legal framework when a person is a suspect for two separate offences. Although we are primarily concerned with scientific evidence the issue inevitably arises as to how that evidence interacts with other, non-scientific evidence. We show that, in this particular context, the evidence can be conveniently classified into three categories that concern, respectively: the first crime only; the second crime only; and evidence that relates to similarities between the two crimes. Two case examples are considered and we consider DNA, fibres and eyewitness evidence. These are viewed from the perspective of a prosecutor who has to decide whether or not to charge a suspect with one or both crimes. Graphical sensivity analyses are presented which have features that are not intuitively obvious.     

行政问责制对地方政府经济行为的影响——制度堕距的视角

行政问责制是构建责任政府的具体制度安排。问责制度在制度设计与制度执行层面存在制度堕距。制度堕距对地方政府经济行为产生重要影响,因此,从制度设计与制度执行层面改进问责制制度文本,消弭制度堕距,有助于构建优良的问责制制度,推动地方政府经济行为合理化。