保加利亚自然环境保护的立法和管理

<正> 一、保加利亚自然环境保护立法的发展保加利亚人民共和国建国以来,社会经济得到了迅速发展。在发展社会经济的过程中,国家对自然资源的开发利用不断扩大和加深,空气、水和土壤污染等环境恶化现象也日趋严重,因此,国家重视自然环境的保护,特别是在六十年代末和七十年代初以后,不断加强了     

Chronique bibliographique: Raisons et Déclinaisons de la Loi; François Suàrez,Des Lois et du Dieu Législateur,Introduction, traduction et notes par Jean-Paul Coujou

International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique -     

做好税费改革与农村基层组织建设

农村税费改革给农村基层组织建设带来新的机遇和挑战.农村基层组织要抓住这一新机遇,从实际出发,创新体制,采取切实措施,努力做好农村基层组织建设工作,进而推动农村各项事业的顺利、健康发展.     

A model of institutional network dynamics and a comparative case analysis of information technology transfer

This paper examines the institutional network dynamics of information technology transfer with particular emphasis on the roles of publicly-funded centers for research and development at the national and regional policy-making levels. The conceptual model serves as a basis for qualitative case analysis and comparison of research management structures in two Canadian research centers located in Quebec Province. Conclusions are formulated regarding the complementarity of program and project dominant structures as well as the comparison of hierarchies and markets as technology transfer control mechanisms. Program dominant management appears appropriate to development of national innovation infrastructures, while project dominant management facilitates problem solving in regional innovation networks. The consequences of these conclusions for research management in global technological markets are discussed. This research was funded by a grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. The names of the research centers under study have been changed.     

Race for Net Zero

'Environmental challenges are not figments of our imagination, but a key issue of mankind's future," Laurent Fabius, former French Prime Minister and one of the leaders who helped turn the 2015 Paris UN Climate Change Conference into a success via the Paris Agreement, said when pointing out what is at stake during a recent webinar. Acknowledging the urgent need for solid actions tackling climate change, the webinar high-lighted the importance of partnerships between governments, the private sector and civil society and the significance of synergy between China, Europe and the United States. Known as the first dialogue of the China-Europe-America Net-Zero Transition Platform, it took place on December 20, two months after the 26th UN Climate Change Conference (COP26) in Glasgow of the United Kingdom, which adopted the Glasgow Climate Pact.     

Interests groups in Parliament: Exploring MPs’ interest affiliations (2000‐2011)

This research note presents an innovative dataset of Swiss MPs’ interest ties between 2000‐2011. The longitudinal analysis shows that the average number of interest ties per MP has more than doubled: from 3.5 in 2000 to 7.6 in 2011. Since the mid‐2000s, public interest groups have accounted for approximately one out of two ties between MPs and interest groups, showing the strongest increase during the period. However, when looking at the most present individual groups, important business groups dominate and appear well connected with the governmental parties of the political right. Finally, interest groups are also able to forge themselves a strategic presence within the parliamentary committees that are the most relevant for their policy issues. Next research steps include the assessment of the (un)biased access of interest groups to the parliamentary venue and their policy influence.     

Watchdogs in Our Midst: How Presidents Monitor Coalitions in Brazil's Multiparty Presidential Regime

When delegating governing tasks to a coalition partner, the president would like to give a minister ample administrative powers to be able to effectively accomplish the political mission. Due to information asymmetries, the president runs the risk that this discretion might be used to pursue policy outcomes that may harm the president's preferences. This trade‐off between delegation and control is key to understanding governance strategies the president chooses to minimize agency risks and coordinate public policies. With Brazil as a case study, this article demonstrates that presidents have strategically made frequent use of junior ministers as watchdogs of coalition partners, especially when coalition allies are ideologically distant from the president's preferences. Yet neither the portfolio salience nor the president's decision to share powers with coalition partners proportionally seems to interfere in such strategic decisions.     

The primary investigation of material evidence and the evaluation of its suitability for expert biological identification by genomic "dactyloscopy"

Use of DNA "fingerprinting" method for biological analysis of material evidences exhibit new potentials for making concrete expert conclusions. But such expertise is time consuming and difficult to perform that's why it is important to evaluate fitness of expert material for DNA fingerprinting at early stages of object investigation. Method of preliminary treatment of objects sent for DNA fingerprint expertise in case of sexual assault is suggested and tested. This method allows one to evaluate objects easily from the standpoint of possibility to perform such investigation.     

高校国家助学贷款的问题与对策

国家助学贷款是我国对普通高校经济困难学生所采取的一项重大资助措施,但存在着一定程度的学生欠贷、银行惜贷、后期管理难等问题。本文就此问题进行了分析,并提出相应对策。     

略论依法行政

现在中国正在建设社会主义法治国家,实行依法治国,而依法行政是依法治国的核心与关键,要通过依法行政来促使行政工作更加法律化、制度化,真正实现执政为民。