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32.
Measurement of Postmortem Pupil Size: A New Method with Excellent Reliability and Its Application to Pupil Changes in the Early Postmortem Period 下载免费PDF全文
Luise Fleischer M.D. Susanne Sehner M.Sc. Axel Gehl M.D. Martin Riemer M.S.E.E. Tobias Raupach M.D. M.M.E. Sven Anders M.D. M.M.E. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2017,62(3):791-795
Measurement of postmortem pupil width is a potential component of death time estimation. However, no standardized measurement method has been described. We analyzed a total of 71 digital images for pupil–iris ratio using the software ImageJ. Images were analyzed three times by four different examiners. In addition, serial images from 10 cases were taken between 2 and 50 h postmortem to detect spontaneous pupil changes. Intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability of the method was excellent (ICC > 0.95). The method is observer independent and yields consistent results, and images can be digitally stored and re‐evaluated. The method seems highly eligible for forensic and scientific purposes. While statistical analysis of spontaneous pupil changes revealed a significant polynomial of quartic degree for postmortem time (p = 0.001), an obvious pattern was not detected. These results do not indicate suitability of spontaneous pupil changes for forensic death time estimation, as formerly suggested. 相似文献
33.
Hoch Stephan Michaelowa Axel Espelage Aglaja Weber Anne-Kathrin 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2019,19(6):595-613
International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics - Major new multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) have entered into force in 2016, including the Paris Agreement (PA)... 相似文献
34.
The introduction of a commitments procedure in EU antitrust policy (Article 9 of Council Regulation 1/2003) has entitled the the European Commission to extensively settle cases of alleged anticompetitive conduct. In this paper, we use a formal model of law enforcement to identify the optimal procedure to remedy cases in a context of partial legal uncertainty (Katsoulacos and Ulph in Eur J Law Econ 41(2):255–282, 2016). We discuss in particular the merits of a policy of selective commitments where firms either take strong commitments or are investigated under the standard infringement procedure. 相似文献
35.
Matthias Frank M.D. ; Grit Rademacher M.D. ; Uli Schmucker M.D. ; Stephan David M.D. ; Axel Ekkernkamp M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2009,54(2):408-410
Abstract: Authentic black-powder muzzle-loader weapons or replicas are used today primarily for re-enactments of historic battles. A lay actor playing the role of a Prussian infantryman sustained life-threatening gunshot injuries during a recent re-enactment of a historic battle of the Sixth Coalition. As only blank historic muzzle-loading weaponry was used, the origin of the missile causing the wounding was initially unclear. Further investigation revealed a ramrod that had been propelled out of the barrel of another gunner's smooth-bore gun as cause of injury. The ramrod was hurled on a trajectory of more than 20 m, breaking the victim's shouldered barrel and hitting the victim resulting in severe abdominal, thoracic, and upper limb injuries. The critical incidents while handling muzzle-loading weaponry leading to premature discharge are elucidated. Furthermore, this report demonstrates how actual diagnostics and subsequent surgical treatment enabled this infantryman to survive an injury to which his comrades-in-arms would have succumbed 200 years ago. 相似文献
36.
Michaelowa Axel Tol Richard S. J. 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2002,2(3):217-219
International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics - 相似文献
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Axel?MichaelowaEmail author Kristian?Tangen Henrik?Hasselknippe 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2005,5(1):5-24
This article provides a background for the Developing post-2012 scenarios project, an international study which looks at a range of scenarios that countries may wish to consider for a post-2012 framework to tackle climate change. The purpose of the article is threefold. Firstly, it provides a review of the literature for the future climate regime. Secondly, it provides a set of criteria that are used in order to evaluate whether the scenarios provided in the other articles in this Special Edition are likely to be effective. Thirdly, the article spells out some of the more general policy implications rising from these scenarios. 相似文献
39.
Byard RW Gehl A Anders S Tsokos M 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》2006,27(1):61-63
The decomposed body of a 49-year-old man was found at his home address. At autopsy, 3 incised wounds of the lower abdomen and groins were identified, raising the possibility of some form of inflicted injury. Further dissection revealed that the wounds were healing surgical incisions that had been forced open by putrefactive tissue breakdown, swelling, and gas formation. Death was due to ischemic heart disease. Putrefaction is a common problem encountered in forensic practice that may result in considerable distortion and modification of tissues. Unusual skin lesions caused by the disruption and dehiscence of healing surgical wounds may be created by decomposition. This possibility should be considered when symmetrical, cleanly incised wounds are identified. 相似文献
40.
Jan Teorell Axel Hadenius 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2006,41(3):96-111
In reply to Welzel and Inglehart in this issue, we deploy three lines of criticism. First, we argue that their newly invented
construct “effective democracy” is conceptually and empirically flawed. Second, we show that their results are highly sensitive
to model specification. Regardless of the time period, their supportive evidence vanishes if a more pertinent measure of democracy
is used instead of measures based on the absence of corruption, if a broader index of socioeconomic modernization is controlled
for, and if their compound index of emancipative values is replaced by its core component; liberty aspirations. Third, we
find that emancipative values are not a coherent syndrome at the individual level within countries, rendering the causal mechanism
linking these values to democracy through collective action unintelligible. We conclude that democratic values are not a robust
determinant of democratization.
Jan Teorell is associate professor of political science at Lund University. He has published on intra-party politics, social
capital and political participation, and, together with Axel Hadenius, is now involved in a project on the determinants of
democratization.
Axel Hadenius is professor of political science at Lund University. He is the author ofDemocracy and Development (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992) andInstitutions and Democratic Citizenship (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001). 相似文献