Hair as a specimen to document tetramethylene disulfotetramine exposure

Tetramethylene disulfotetramine (tetramine) is a rodenticide that has been banned for many years in China. Since 2005, inhabitants of a village in the Henan Province have been suffering from grand mal seizures. To investigate the possibility of tetramine as the cause, we developed a method to determine tetramine in human hair. Sample preparation involved external decontamination, frozen pulverization, and ultrasonication in 2 mL ethyl acetate in the presence of cocaine-d3 as an internal standard. The method exhibited good linearity; calibration curve was linear over a range of 0.1-20 ng/mg hair. The limit of detection for the assay was 0.05 ng/mg hair. Except for one subject (No. 4), all head and pubic hair samples were positive for tetramine. The concentrations of tetramine in pubic hair were significantly higher than those in the same subjects' head hair samples. Because of a long retention in body, segmental head hair analysis cannot provide an accurate exposure history of tetramine in the body.     

论宪法的正式修改

<正> 从一般意义上讲,大多数现代宪法中的修改程序的规定似乎都是为了保证实现下述四个目的中的一个或者更多一些。第一,宪法的变动应该是慎重的;第二,在宪法发生变动之前应该给人民以表达他们的意见的机会;第三,在联邦制度中,联邦政府和它的组成部分的政府的权力不应由任何一方单方面改变;第四,个人或者集体的权利——例如少数民族在语言或者宗教或者文化方面的权利——应该得到保障。几乎所有的刚性宪法的修改程序都能用这四个目的中的一个或者更多的来作出圆满的解释。达四个目的中的第一个目的——慎重——     

A Cultural Nod to‘Sparing the Rod'

<正>Everyone is probably familiar with stock cultural figures of the Tiger Mom,or the obnoxiously loud,pushy sports-obsessed dad.If you are a Westerner and have participated in Little League Baseball as player,fan,or coach,you will know the scene only too well:a parent publicly berating his or her youngster for a lackluster performance.Sympathetic onlookers know better than to intervene,preferring     

斯大林主义与苏联社会

近来,在许多俄罗斯人的社会意识中出现了一种为斯大林主义正名,甚至颂扬斯大林主义的倾向.这是对破坏性的后苏联改革的反应所引起的.苏联的成就,如国家工业化、科学文化的发展、居民的社会保障(全民就业、免费教育和医疗、实际上的免费住房、一个月的休假等),都被重新归功于斯大林,更不用说伟大的卫国战争的胜利了.     

司法推理中应用的基本法律概念(下)

权利和义务上面已经隐约提示,“权利”一词容易被不加区别地使用,涵盖特定情形中的特权、权力或者豁免权,而不是最严格意义上的权利;一些权威判例也偶尔意识到了该用法的不严谨。法官斯特朗(Strong)在People v.Dikeman一案〔27〕中说:“权利”一词被词典编撰者定义为指称———