Domestic Contestation and Presidential Prerogative in Colombian Foreign Policy

The study of Colombian foreign policy emphasises external constraints and presidential prerogative in foreign policymaking. Drawing on insights from recent foreign policy analysis literature and evidence from several cases (Plan Colombia, US military bases, free trade talks with China, and ICJ arbitration of a maritime border with Nicaragua), this article challenges commonplace presidentialist assumptions. A novel model of ‘contested presidentialism’ better captures how Colombian domestic actors mobilise to raise political costs to block or modify presidential preferences. When the opposition fails to raise costs, presidentialist assumptions apply. Otherwise, presidents respond strategically by abandoning policies or substituting second-best alternatives.     

涉私募基金非法集资犯罪的问题研究——以新时代提升治理效能的法治思维为起源

涉私募基金非法集资犯罪的发生严重影响国家金融安全和社会稳定,随着新时代的到来,涉私募基金非法集资犯罪呈现出不同于以往集资类犯罪的特点。我们需要在准确分析其特点及成因的基础上,采取社会综合治理的模式,通过拓宽涉私募资金领域投融资渠道、推进涉私募基金立法工作的开展、强化涉私募基金行业的监管力度、完善涉私募基领域犯罪界定机制等保障金融安全。     

土鳖虫总生物碱对家兔心泵功能的影响

实验结果表明:家兔静脉分别注射土鳖虫总生物碱5mg/kg、10mg/kg、15mg/kg、20mg/kg对兔心脏均呈明显的负性作用。即左室收缩压、左室舒张末期压力、左室压力最大速率均降低,右心房压力升高,心电图P-R传导见心率减慢,S-T段轻度缺血改变。当用至20mg/kg以上时,心电图出现明显的S-T段缺血改变,并有室性早搏。     

论学校教育管理权纠纷的可诉性及应诉性

学校是行政诉讼法中规定的法律、法规授权组织,其对学生的处分决定是授权组织作出的具体行政行为。学校对学生的勒令退学、开除学籍处分将影响到学生的受教育权利,而受教育权利从其本质上看是一种身份权,属于人身权的范畴。对于学校教育管理权纠纷的应诉性是由受教育权的权利属性以及社会现实性所决定的。     

WTO框架下的金融服务贸易与资本流动和金融稳定

WTO下的金融自由化与资本账户的放开并非等同。GATS允许成员方有选择地进行金融承诺的特点为成员方通过对金融自由化政策的科学管理来实现金融稳定和发展提供了条件。不同服务提供方式和不同部门的自由化对金融稳定具有不同影响 ,允许外国金融机构在国内建立商业存在 (但不过分限制其业务经营 )、覆盖范围广泛的金融自由化通常对金融稳定具有良好的效果。这一研究视角及结论为我国管理金融服务政策提供了有用的分析工具和有益的借鉴。     

美国法律关于夫妻证据的一些规定

<正> 婚姻,给配偶一方提供了某种合法权利,即配偶一方有权拒绝提供不利另一方的证据。因此,便产生了配偶双方的权限以及依法提供证据的问题。婚姻的这种特殊关系,对维护夫妻间的     

韩国、日本社会保障发展历程中的制度安排与变迁

一、制度安排与变迁内生变量:制度需求1.现代社会对社会保障制度的天然需求制度是一个社会博弈规则,更正式地说是人们制定的规范人们相互关系的约束条件,是达到某种均衡的机制。青木昌彦认为制度可以概括为一种博弈均衡,是有限理性和具有反思能力的个体构成的社会长期经验的产物。制度安排是管束特定行动模型和关系的一套行为规则,社会保障制度通常被认为是正式的制度安排。任何制度安排经济和安全两个基本目的。因此制度可以设计成人类对付不确定性和增加个人效用的手段。在现代社会里,由于失业、贫困、疾病等社会与自然风险因素的存在与恶…     

对机构投资者传统功能的质疑

中国的机构投资者着眼于基金的发展 ,国务院证券委员会在 1 997年 1 1月 1 4日颁布了《证券投资基金管理办法》,中国证监会则将超常规、创造性的培育和发展机构投资者作为推进中国证券市场发展的重要政策手段。然而本来被赋予特殊政府资源的证券投资基金行为异化 ,甚至接连爆发出来“基金黑幕”,其羊群行为及市场流动性失败在一定程度上加剧了股价波动性。传统上认为基金稳定市场 ,专家理财 ,分散投资风险的特点在中国的资本市场上没有得到展现     

The differential experience of Mozambican refugee women and men

This study examines differences in Mozambicans mens' and womens' experiences of living in refugee camps in Malawi late in 1990. The aim is to identify the differences in impact by gender in assistance policies and programs. In early 1991 there were an estimated 1 million Mozambican refugees in Malawi. This study is based on quantitative and qualitative data collection. The study sample included Chiumbangame and Mwawa in Mangochi District (refugee camps) and Ntcheu (settlements integrated with Malawi's population). Findings indicate that 17% of the 2006-person sample were female-headed households. Men in general had more years of schooling than women. 34% of the women and 47% of men completed at least 1 year of school and 10% of women and 24% of men completed 2 years. At all ages boys were more likely to be enrolled than girls. 4.1% of the 847 persons over 18 years old were receiving some training, but only 1 person had increased household income due to training. Refugee income was nil for women and about 20 cents/day for men. The mean daily income for individuals from female headed households was about half that of income from male headed households. Women were more likely to be working and spent more time in productive work than men. Women worked in household maintenance. Women in income programs gave housework chores to younger females in the household. The income programs were of low quality and products had low marketability. Girls helped with housework from an early age, while boys helped as teenagers. 44.2% of female headed households and 34.9% of members of male headed households reported health problems. This study identifies the ways in which refugee policy worsens gender inequalities in economic production and work burden.     

女性学专业"性别与法律"课程教学探索

"性别与法律"是女性学专业开设的法学类特色课程,它属于主题性课程或领域性课程、视角或方法性课程,具有批判与建构并重的特征,且研讨性教学应占较大比重;它在内容编排上应分为导论、总论以及分论等3个部分,后者宜按中国特色社会主义法律体系组成划分为若干讲.目前该课程存在难度大、无合适教材和对教师要求高等问题,据此可运用电影教学、文献阅读、性别平衡和研讨方法,以此激发学生积极性、培养其能力并最终提升教学效果.