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631.
A calibration test is described for monitoring the operation of equipment used to develop latent fingerprints on thermal paper by the application of either controlled or uncontrolled heat. A working solution of a water/glycerol emulsion and butylene glycol is applied to thermal paper by means of either a vinyl stamp and pad, or a marker pen. Varying the amount of butylene glycol enables the thermal paper to change color at different temperatures between approximately 40 and 60°C, which is below the normal color change temperature of the paper. The described test may be used to verify the correct operation, at different temperatures, of a controlled heat source during and after fingerprint development (such as the Hot Print System) or to monitor the paper temperature with an uncontrolled heat source (such as a warm air blower), thereby avoiding unintentional coloring of the entire paper surface. 相似文献
632.
Heather K. Evans Michael J. Ensley Edward G. Carmines 《Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties》2014,24(4):455-472
Research on U.S. congressional elections has placed great emphasis on the role of competitiveness, which is associated with high levels of campaign spending, media coverage, and interest group and party involvement. Competitive campaigns have been found to increase citizens' participation, engagement and learning. However, little is known about whether the effects of competitive campaigns have enduring consequences for citizens' attitudes and behavior. Analyzing a survey of citizens conducted one year after the 2006 congressional elections that includes an oversample of respondents from competitive House races, we examine whether exposure to a competitive House campaign affects voters' political knowledge and political interest as well as their consumption of political news. We find that competitive elections have positive effects that endure for at least a year beyond the campaign season, reinforcing the idea that political competition plays a robust role in American representative democracy. 相似文献
633.
Jeremy Prichard Paul A. Watters Caroline SpiranovicAuthor vitae 《Computer Law & Security Report》2011,27(6):585-600
With continual advances in Internet capability the child pornography market is experiencing a boom in demand and supply. Attempts to reduce the market challenge legislators, law enforcement agencies, practitioners and researchers alike – due in large part to the decentralised and global nature of the Internet. Much research has focused on frequent users of child pornography and whether such behaviour is interrelated with child sexual assaults. This article instead draws attention to onset, the first deliberate viewing of child pornography. It presents the results of a three-month study of a global Peer-to-Peer network, isoHunt. Analysis of the site’s Top 300 search terms indicated that child pornography is consistently shared. Risk factors for onset are discussed, including the potential normalisation of child pornography among Internet subcultures. Strategies are discussed to encourage subcultures to inhibit child pornography use and to increase understanding of the harms associated with such material. Implications for legal systems, policy and research are explored. 相似文献
634.
Sleep, a key indicator of health, has been linked to a variety of indicators of well-being such that people who get an adequate
amount generally experience greater well-being. Further, a lack of sleep has been linked to a wide range of negative developmental
outcomes, yet sleep has been largely overlooked among researchers interested in adolescent delinquency. The purpose of this
study was to explore the relationship between hours of sleep and delinquent behavior among adolescents by using data from
Wave 1 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (n = 14,382; 50.2% female, 63.5% white). A series of negative binomial regressions showed that youth who typically sleep seven
or fewer hours per night reported significantly more property delinquency than youth who sleep the recommended 8–10 h. Further,
youth who reported sleeping 5 or fewer hours per night reported significantly more violent delinquency than youth who reported
sleeping the recommended number of hours per night. The findings suggest that sleep is an important, and overlooked, dimension
of delinquent behavior and studies that focus on adolescent health should further investigate the effects of insufficient
sleep. Finally, the authors recommend that sleep and other relevant health behaviors be considered in the context of more
comprehensive approaches to delinquency prevention and intervention. 相似文献
635.
Evans SD Prilleltensky O McKenzie A Prilleltensky I Nogueras D Huggins C Mescia N 《Journal of prevention & intervention in the community》2011,39(1):50-64
SPEC Learning and Changing by Doing is a three-year, action research, and organizational change project designed to ultimately promote social justice and well-being in the community. SPEC is an acronym that stands for Strengths, Prevention, Empowerment, and Community Change. The project consists of five organizations tackling internal organizational change in order to better promote justice and well-being in their respective constituencies. In this article we present a formative evaluation of this multicase study of organizational change in human services. This article contributes to the empirical and theoretical literature on organizational change in the nonprofit human service milieu. 相似文献
636.
637.
Large players in the nanogame: dedicated nanotech subsidiaries or distributed nanotech capabilities?
Vincent Mangematin Khalid Errabi Caroline Gauthier 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2011,36(6):640-664
Nanotechnologies are reshaping the boundaries between industries, combining two aspects of innovation—both enhancing competences
based on cumulative knowledge and experience and destroying competences by forcing the renewal of the firm’s knowledge base.
To analyze how worldwide R&D leaders adapt to this new technology, we conduct an econometric analysis of about 3,000 subsidiaries
of the largest R&D spenders. We find that large groups are creating medium size subsidiary companies to explore nanotechnologies.
Knowledge circulates mostly amongst subsidiaries within the same group and scientific clusters do not affect their involvement
in nanotechnologies. Nanotechnologies remain marginal within these subsidiaries’ knowledge bases and are distributed within
corporate groups, stimulating recombination between nanotechnology and other technologies. 相似文献
638.
Gene drive technology is a nascent biotechnology with the potential to purposefully alter or eliminate a species. There have been broad calls for engagement to inform gene drive governance. Over the past seven years, the gene drive community has been developing risk assessment guidelines to determine what form future gene drive risk assessments take, including whether and how they involve engagement. To explore who is developing these guidelines and how engagement in risk assessment is being prescribed, we conduct a document analysis of gene drive risk assessment guideline documents from 2014 to 2020. We found that a narrow set of organizations have developed 10 key guideline documents and that with only one exception the documents prescribe a narrow, vague, or completely absent role for engagement in gene drive risk assessment. Without substantively prescribed engagement in guidelines, the relevance, rigor, and trustworthiness of gene drive risk assessment and governance will suffer. 相似文献
639.
Megan C. Evans 《Australian Journal of Public Administration》2023,82(2):228-247
Policy-makers are frequently required to consider and manage conflicting public values. An example of this in the environmental domain is biodiversity offset policy, which governments worldwide have adopted as a mechanism to balance environmental protection with socio-economic development. However, little work has examined administrative practices underpinning biodiversity offset policy implementation, and how the adoption of coping strategies to manage value conflicts may influence resulting policy outcomes. This study fills this research gap using a case study of Australia's federal biodiversity offset policy under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation (EPBC) Act 1999. Using data from 13 interviews of federal policy administrators, I show that the introduction of a new policy in 2012 enabled a shift from the use of precedent to a technical approach for setting offset requirements under the EPBC Act. Yet, multiple sources of policy ambiguity remain, and administrators have adopted post-approval condition-setting, or ‘backloading’—a form of cycling, facilitated by structural separation—to defer detailed assessments of offset requirements until after biodiversity losses are approved. Backloading thus undermines the effectiveness of environmental policy and will persist as coping strategy unless policy ambiguity is reduced via legislative amendments and adequate resourcing of biodiversity conservation.
Points for practitioners
- Biodiversity offset policy requires administrators to manage conflicting environmental and socioeconomic values.
- Technical decision tools reduce reliance on case-by-case decision-making, but multiple ambiguities persist.
- Backloading (post-approval condition-setting) defers values conflict, but reduces transparency, accountability, and policy effectiveness.
- Policy ambiguity must be reduced at the political level to facilitate effective biodiversity conservation.