Erfordernisse einer nachträglichen bedingten Strafnachsicht in Suchtgiftsachen

Eine bedingte Strafnachsicht nach § 40 Abs 1 SMG setzt (ua) voraus, dass sich der an ein Suchtmittel gew?hnte Verurteilte mit Erfolg einer gesundheitsbezogenen Ma?nahme unterzogen hat. Ein solcher Erfolg ist anzunehmen, wenn das im konkreten Fall aus der Sicht der jeweiligen Wissenschaft m?gliche Ziel der gesundheitsbezogenen Ma?nahme erreicht ist. Ein "Teilerfolg" der Drogenfreiheit genügt nicht, wenn der Verurteilte noch weiterer gesundheitsbezogener Ma?nahmen bedürfte, um einer Drogenabstinenz zumindest n?her zu kommen. In verfahrensrechtlicher Hinsicht setzt eine nachtr?gliche bedingte Strafnachsicht nach § 40 Abs 1 SMG grunds?tzlich einen zuvor gew?hrten Aufschub des Strafvollzugs gem § 39 Abs 1 SMG voraus. Nur in besonderen Ausnahmef?llen ist eine solche Strafnachsicht auch ohne vorherigen Strafaufschub m?glich, insb dann, wenn der Verurteilte nach Rechtskraft des Urteils alles für einen optimalen Entzug getan hat, also keinerlei weitere Ma?nahmen für eine Drogenabstinenz notwendig sind.     

The Timber Trade in Southeastern Brazil, 1920–1960

Logging economies in Latin America have long supplied forest resources to international and domestic markets. One of Latin America's more significant timber regions supplied South America's largest industrial metropolis, São Paulo. However, relatively little is known about the historical geography of logging in Brazil, or elsewhere in Latin America, in part because of the bias of forest histories to the destruction, rather than utilisation, of forest resources. This study focuses on domestic demand for hardwood and its salient characteristics: transport, the distribution of sawmills, the use of contracts and dangerous working conditions.     

Reviews

Kaunda's Zambia, 1964 ‐ 1991. A Select and Annotated Bibliography compiled by Naomi Musiker.

South African Institute of International Affairs, Bibliographical Series No. 26, Johannesburg. 1993. viii plus 426pp.

Environment, Employment and Development edited by A.S. Bhalla. International Labour Office, Geneva, 1992. x plus 177pp. including bibliography.

Poverty in Developing Countries: A Bibliography of Publications by the International Labour Office World Employment Programme, 1975–91. International Labour Office Bibliography No 12. International Labour Office, Geneva, 1992. viii plus 152pp.

The South African Tripod: Studies in Economics, Politics and Conflict by B. Oden, T. Ohlson, A. Davidson, P. Strand, M. Lundahl, and L. Moritz. Scandinavian Institute of International Studies, Uppsala, 1994. 281pp. including tables and graphs.

Tears of the Dead, the Social Biography of an African Family by Richard Werbner. Baobab Books: Harare and Edinburgh University Press, 1991. xi plus 211pp. including genealogies and illustrations.

The Politics of the National Arts Festival by Kenneth Grundy. Occasional Paper, No. 34, Institute of Social and Economic Research. Rhodes University, Grahamstown. 66 pp. including notes.

The Agrarian Question in Southern Africa and Accumulation from Below: Economics and Politics in the Struggle for Democracy by Michael Neocosmos. Research Report No. 93, The Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, Uppsala, 1993. 79 pp. including notes and bibliography.

The Bushman Myth: The Making of a Namibian Underclass by Robert J. Gordon. Boulder, Westview Press, Colorado and Oxford, 1992. xiv plus 304 pp. including maps, tables, notes, references and index.

A Bed Called Home: Life in the Migrant Labour Hostels of Cape Town by Mamphela Ramphele. David Philip: Cape Town, 1993. vii plus 152pp. including illustrations, appendix, bibliography and index.

The Small and the New in Southern Africa: The Foreign Relations of Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland since their Independence. A Select and Annotated Bibliography compiled by L.E. Andor. South African Institute of International Affairs, Bibliographical Series No. 25, Johannesburg, 1993. x plus 526pp.     

Election outcomes under different ways to announce preferences: an analysis of the 2015 parliament election in the Austrian federal state of Styria

We use preference data from the 2015 parliament election in the Austrian federal state of Styria to analyze different voting rules. An exit poll right after the election collected data on ordinal and cardinal preferences from approximately 1000 actual voters. Our analysis is threefold. First, we determine the hypothetical social outcomes under different voting rules; second, we investigate the stability of the outcomes under those rules. Finally, we provide a categorization of different types of parties and analyze the impact of certain voting rules (Plurality Rule, Plurality Run Off, Hare System, Condorcet Method, Approval Voting, Borda Rule, Evaluative Voting, and Majority Judgment) on the performances of parties in those scenarios.