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Prof. Dr. Christoph Knill Kai Schulze M.A. Dr. Jale Tosun 《Politische Vierteljahresschrift》2010,51(3):409-432
Policy change is an important concept in comparative policy analysis. Despite its central significance, most empirical studies fail to provide clear-cut definitions and measurement of this concept. Against this background, this article evaluates previous scholarship on policy change in the areas of social and environmental policy. We find that most studies use proxies for measuring policy change even though they contradict the basic idea of policy-making activities. Furthermore, studies usually neither capture the complexity of policy change, nor take into the possibility of policy change through dismantling account. Additionally, the empirical focus of most analyses is too narrow, thereby impeding robust statements about causality. In response to these shortcomings, we propose a new conceptual perspective, which captures policy change as a broader empirical phenomenon. We discuss its advantages as well as its disadvantages and show the implications for the research process. 相似文献
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Junior-Prof. Dr. Christoph Hönnige Prof. Thomas Gschwend Ph.D. 《Politische Vierteljahresschrift》2010,51(3):507-530
This article argues that the Judicialization hypothesis as a dominant research paradigm in the literature on the Bundesverfassungsgericht leaves out a number of relevant aspects. Rather, the court should be understood as being embedded in an area of competing interests among government, opposition, courts, litigating citizens and public opinion. The article identifies the institutional links between actors and relevant research questions. Finally, it discusses the theoretical, methodological and empirical challenges for further research on the Bundesverfassungsgericht. 相似文献
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Policymakers often propose strict enforcement strategies to fight the shadow economy and to increase tax morale. However, there is an alternative bottom-up approach that decentralises political power to those who are close to the problems. This paper analyses the relationship with local autonomy. We use data on tax morale at the individual level and macro data on the size of the shadow economy to analyse the relevance of local autonomy and compliance in Switzerland. The findings suggest that there is a positive (negative) relationship between local autonomy and tax morale (size of the shadow economy). 相似文献
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The study focusses on the relationship of personality and reactions to unfair argumentative contributions. Unfair contributions were embedded in four argumentative episodes and presented in written, auditory, and role-play mode. Each participant's cognitions, emotions, and verbal responses were assessed and aggregated across the four episodes. Although no differences in evoked cognitive, emotional, and verbal responses arose between the different presentation modes, the identification of unfair contributions and the verbal responses' collaboration depended on the participants' cognitive abilities and personality traits. Implications for theory and practice of social justice research are discussed. 相似文献
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With the rising number of tattooed people tattoos have become increasingly important for the identification of unknown corpses. Tattoos can be helpful in both phases of the identification process, either by providing clues to the identity of an unknown person or body or as a means of verifying a postulated identity. In the presented case, an ante-mortem photograph of a tattoo was available although it was of poor quality. The respective skin region of the body was photographed from the same angle as the tattoo on the ante-mortem photograph. When superimposing the two photos, the tattoos were found to match and the identity of the body could be verified. 相似文献
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Christina Elschner Christof Ernst Georg Licht Christoph Spengel 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2011,36(3):233-256
Most industrialized countries apply special tax incentives to boost the R&D expenditures of firms. This study considers the
design of such R&D tax incentives as applied in the European Union and simulates its effect on the post-tax R&D expenditures
of firms in different industries and different profit/loss-situations by means of the simulation model European Tax Analyzer.
Any restrictions and progressive tax incentives are explicitly taken into account. Our results indicate that for designing
and measuring public support to R&D it is often not sufficient to focus only on tax rate effects of R&D tax incentives and
the design of a tax incentive must be in accordance with the framing tax system in order to be effective. As soon as there
are any limitations in place, our results suggest a considerably lower impact of R&D tax incentives on the post-tax R&D expenditures
than the commonly used B-Index by the OECD. The results clearly illustrate the beneficial impact of immediate cash refunds
for unused tax incentives. 相似文献
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Switzerland has experienced extensive institutional reforms at the local level that could influence local debt. These reforms have included municipal mergers, greater inter-communal cooperation, reformed political decision-making mechanisms, and the introduction of new public management measures. Many of these reforms originated at the cantonal level. However, the institutional diversity among Swiss municipalities hardly has diminished. A cross-sectional analysis for the 137 largest Swiss cities and villages in 2004 shows that direct democratic rights and a high degree of fiscal autonomy lead to a lower level of local debt. There is no statistical support for the hypothesis that reforms following the new public management guidelines had an effect on debt levels. 相似文献