Gewöhnung an ein Suchtmittel,Eigensuchtfinanzierung

Eine Begrenzung des der Gew?hnung zugrunde liegenden Abh?ngigkeitsbegriffs iS eines schon medizinischen Krankheitswertes oder einer jedenfalls psychotherapeutischen Behandlungsbedürftigkeit ist weder dem Gesetzeswortlaut zu entnehmen, noch ergibt sich diese Auslegung aus der Systematik des Gesetzes oder dessen historischem Hintergrund bzw der Teleologie des SMG. Nicht nur die privilegierte Form des Suchtgifthandels, sondern auch der nunmehr in die Kompetenz des Einzelrichters fallende Grundtatbestand des § 28a Abs 1 SMG unterliegt im Fall einer Gew?hnung des T?ters den Diversionsbedingungen des § 35 Abs 2 SMG. Angesichts der in § 27 Abs 2 SMG vorgesehenen (mit § 27 Abs 1 SMG aF identen) Strafdrohung im Zusammenhalt mit der nach der SMG-Novelle 2007 wesentlich weitergehenden Diversionsm?glichkeit nach § 35 Abs 1 und Abs 2 SMG ist nach § 48 SMG iVm § 61 StGB die für den Rechtsmittelwerber günstigere Bestimmung des § 27 Abs 2 iVm Abs 1 Z 1 erster und zweiter Fall SMG anzuwenden.     

Linkages between Parliamentary and Ministerial Careers in Germany, 1949–2008: The Bundestag as Recruitment Pool

Germany is noted within Europe for its weak tobacco control policies and its opposition to European Union tobacco control legislation. In this article, we aim to explain Germany's stance on tobacco control. We review two explanations commonly proposed, namely tobacco industry donations to political parties and the legacy of the Nazis' opposition to smoking, and examine the politics of tobacco control in detail. We suggest that the interplay of numerous factors explains Germany's stance. Aspects of political culture including the Nazi heritage which has resulted in a dearth of public health research and teaching, institutional factors such as the reliance on industry self-regulation facilitated by Germany's system of corporatist policy-making and interest group politics are key. The tobacco industry has also successfully used framing strategies to uphold the social acceptability of smoking and undermine the acceptability of tobacco control in Germany. In addition a phenomenon that we call ‘autarkic epistemic isolation’ explains why so little policy learning from abroad has occurred. We suggest that our multi-factor model has significant explanatory power for Germany's weak stance that has resulted in a long-standing policy equilibrium. Recent events, however, suggest that this equilibrium may now have been punctuated.     

Intermediation environments and election in Hong Kong

The new Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) held its first election in 1998. Based on data from a post‐election survey, this article charts the pattern of intermediation environments and their impact on electoral participation. An intermediation environment is a network of communicating information or points of view. This study focuses on the environments of primary social networks, secondary associations and the mass media. They are found to be influential in the diffusion of political knowledge and in mobilizing electoral participation. However, the majority of Hong Kong citizens are unembedded in these environments, thereby carrying negative implications for the democratic transition in Hong Kong.     

Betriebsübergang bei Veräußerung eines Miethauses im Hinblick auf das Hausbesorgerdienstverhältnis

Vor dem Hintergrund der bestandrechtlichen Rechtslage und den Besonderheiten des Hausbesorgerdienstverh?ltnisses ist unter dem Aspekt der Erlangung der ma?geblichen "Verfügungsbefugnis" über den Betrieb davon auszugehen, dass diese noch nicht nachgewiesen wurde, wenn weder nachgewiesen ist, dass die Bestandverh?ltnisse übergegangen sind, noch, dass der einzige "Arbeitnehmer" – der Hausbesorger – von der übernahme und den neuen Verfügungsbefugnissen informiert wurde.     

Post-mortem forensic neuroimaging: correlation of MSCT and MRI findings with autopsy results

Multislice-computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are increasingly used for forensic purposes. Based on broad experience in clinical neuroimaging, post-mortem MSCT and MRI were performed in 57 forensic cases with the goal to evaluate the radiological methods concerning their usability for forensic head and brain examination. An experienced clinical radiologist evaluated the imaging data. The results were compared to the autopsy findings that served as the gold standard with regard to common forensic neurotrauma findings such as skull fractures, soft tissue lesions of the scalp, various forms of intracranial hemorrhage or signs of increased brain pressure. The sensitivity of the imaging methods ranged from 100% (e.g., heat-induced alterations, intracranial gas) to zero (e.g., mediobasal impression marks as a sign of increased brain pressure, plaques jaunes). The agreement between MRI and CT was 69%. The radiological methods prevalently failed in the detection of lesions smaller than 3mm of size, whereas they were generally satisfactory concerning the evaluation of intracranial hemorrhage. Due to its advanced 2D and 3D post-processing possibilities, CT in particular possessed certain advantages in comparison with autopsy with regard to forensic reconstruction. MRI showed forensically relevant findings not seen during autopsy in several cases. The partly limited sensitivity of imaging that was observed in this retrospective study was based on several factors: besides general technical limitations it became apparent that clinical radiologists require a sound basic forensic background in order to detect specific signs. Focused teaching sessions will be essential to improve the outcome in future examinations. On the other hand, the autopsy protocols should be further standardized to allow an exact comparison of imaging and autopsy data. In consideration of these facts, MRI and CT have the power to play an important role in future forensic neuropathological examination.     

Nationaler Naturschutz und Europäisches Gentechnikrecht

Im Oktober 2005 best?tigte ein Urteil des Europ?ischen Gerichts Erster Instanz (EuG) eine Kommissionsentscheidung aus dem Jahre 2003, in der diese entscheidende Regelungen des ober?sterreichischen Gentechnikverbotsgesetzes für unvereinbar mit EU-Recht hielt. Das Verfahren war insoweit von gro?er Bedeutung, als damit erstmalig ein EU-Gericht zu nationalen Regelungen Stellung nahm, welche den Schutz von Biodiversit?t und gentechnikfreier Landwirtschaft vor den Risiken der Agro-Gentechnik betreffen. Im folgenden Beitrag wird das Urteil einer kritischen Analyse unterzogen.