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171.
Melani Claire Cammett Lauren M. MacLean 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2011,46(1):1-21
Throughout the Global South, diverse non-state actors have historically played critical roles in enabling populations to meet
their basic needs, whether by providing or mediating access to social benefits and programs. To date, little research explores
non-state social welfare, particularly in the Global South, and existing studies tend to focus on technical and administrative
concerns while neglecting the potential political ramifications. This introductory essay aims to conceptualize and theorize
the politics of non-state social welfare. We highlight three dimensions of the political consequences of non-state social welfare, including
the implications for state capacity, equity of access to social welfare, and experiences of citizenship. Based on this framework
as well as the findings of the empirical contributions to the special issue, the essay concludes that non-state provision
may pose more political challenges than proponents recognize, but its effects are ultimately contingent on the types of relationships
between state and non-state providers. 相似文献
172.
Brian Glyn Williams Author Vitae 《Orbis》2011,55(2):216-239
This article provides a review of the history of jihadi foreign fighters in Afghanistan over the last 30 years. It details the post-9/11 period and the invasion of Afghanistan by U.S. forces, focusing on the ethnic origin of the foreign fighters and how different groups engaged in different aspects of the conflict. Additionally, the piece explains that while the foreign fighters who came to fight alongside the Taliban in Afghanistan included, among others, Uzbekistanis (not Afghan Uzbeks), Turks, and Arabs, there was also a significant force of Pakistanis—of both Pashtun and Punjabi origins—that joined, bolstering the Taliban army. 相似文献
173.
Suicide by burning is an extreme act that is uncommon in the United States and throughout the Western world. The characteristics of people who complete such acts are not well understood. To address this issue, we examined the death records of the King County Medical Examiner's Office in Washington State over the 13 years from 1996 to 2009. Twenty-five cases of suicide by burning were identified and used to characterize decedent demographics, circumstances of death, and motivating factors. Compared to other methods of suicide, burning demonstrated a significant overrepresentation of decedents who were women, 40-59 years of age, and Asian/Pacific Islander. They also tended to have previous psychiatric illness and/or substance abuse issues. Self-burning predominantly occurred at the decedent's residence with the intent of suicide given. There was no unifying theme in motivating factors. Together, these data represent the characteristics of people whose death is because of suicide by burning in King County, Washington. 相似文献
174.
Koehler SA Shakir A Williams KE 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》2011,32(1):17-19
We present the case of a 24-year-old driver who died when a metal pole entered the front windshield, traveled through the victim's neck, and then exited via the back windshield. This case illustrated an unusual penetration injury and the importance of a thorough and complete death scene investigation. 相似文献
175.
Claire Hamilton 《European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research》2011,17(4):253-266
Relying on Brown's (2005a, b) thesis that contemporary shifts in penal policy are best understood as a reprisal of colonial rationality, so that offenders
become “non-citizens” or “agents of obligation”, this article argues, firstly, that this framework (with certain important
refinements and extensions) finds support in developments in Irish criminal justice policy aimed at offenders suspected of
involvement in “organised crime”. These offenders have found themselves reconstituted as “agents of obligation” with duties
to furnish information about their property and movements, report to the police concerning their location and, importantly,
refrain from criminal activity or face extraordinary sanctions. Secondly, it is submitted that this draconian approach to the control of organised crime is built on false premises;
specifically the idea that “organised crime” as such exists and is best controlled through restrictions on the freedom of
key groups or “core nominals”. 相似文献
176.
177.
Intergovernmental competition can enhance efficiency. Centralization of government expenditures inhibits intergovernmental competition because it makes governments more homogeneous, and so cartelizes local governments. Cartelization reduces Tiebout competition, and limits benchmark competition in which one government??s performance can be compared with neighboring governments. Measuring fiscal centralization as the ratio of local to state and local government expenditures within the state, the evidence shows that more fiscal decentralization is associated with higher levels of state per capita income. Cartelization of local governments negatively impacts income. 相似文献
178.
This essay examines the contractual analysis of retirement andthe potential influence of past judicial approaches in the newera of statutory prohibition on age discrimination. 相似文献
179.
Peter Bartlett Nadia Mantovani Kelso Cratsley Claire Dillon Nigel Eastman 《Liverpool Law Review》2010,31(2):155-176
In 1996, the Royal College of Psychiatrists recommended that all psychiatric facilities in the UK develop policies concerning
sexuality and sexual expression for persons contained in those facilities. This paper analyses the prevalence and content
of such policies in English forensic psychiatric facilities. While the College recommends an individualised approach to sexual
and emotional relationships, most hospitals in fact either prohibit or actively discourage such expression as a matter of
policy. The paper considers the advantages and disadvantages of that approach. The paper also considers the legal issues surrounding
these policies, and in particular the legal authority for governing the sexual and emotional expression of hospital residents
and the relevant human rights implications. 相似文献
180.