生产、销售伪劣产品罪新探

我国刑法第140条、146条和149条中的“产品”一词应改为“商品”,第140条和149条的罪名应确定为“生产、销售普通伪劣商品罪”。某些建设工程应纳入“伪劣产品”的范围,但需要在刑法第137条和第140条的法定刑之间进行平衡,即应加重前者的法定刑。如果只是单纯地假冒,不构成生产、销售伪劣产品罪,根据不同情况,或者只给予行政制裁,或者按假冒注册商标罪等犯罪论处。此外,生产销售伪劣产品罪还涉及到未遂形态、销售金额以及与相关条文的关系等问题。     

西南民族的历史发展与中华民族多元一体格局关系述论

中华民族多元一体格局是一个逐步形成、发展的过程, 先有地区性的局部统一, 再逐步向多元一体过渡。从西南的地理环境、早期的文化起源、各少数民族与汉民族及中原王朝的互动关系、郡县制度对西南民族融合的影响和西南民族内部多元一体的形成等方面看, 这一历史规律在西南民族的发展和中华民族多元一体格局的形成中得到了很好的体现。     

土地流转中女性的地位与权益

本文通过分析农业“内卷化”和农业生产“女性化”的现象,考察了农村土地流转发生的背景以及制约土地流转发生的原因,探讨了女性在土地流转过程中所扮演的角色、女性在土地流转中基本权益的缺失现象以及土地流转之后女性将面临的新困境。     

刑事政策概念新探

刑事政策概念是刑事政策研究的首要问题。刑事政策的实践古已有之,但刑事政策的概念却出现得比较晚,一般认为,"刑事政策"一词,开始使用于18世纪末的德国。在对国外学者、我国台湾学者以及我国内地学者诸多观点分别进行述评的基础上认为,下一个世界通用而又简明的刑事政策定义是比较困难的。从刑事政策制定者的角度出发,可以认为:我国(内地)的刑事政策是我们党和国家为了有效地打击和预防犯罪,依据我国一定时期的犯罪态势及其成因而制定的一系列行动准则。这是一个狭义上的刑事政策概念,它可以进一步被分成基本的刑事政策和具体的刑事政策。若从刑事政策研究者的角度出发,为了能使其研究更为深入和有效,则应从广义上把握刑事政策的概念。     

中国共产党与中国特色社会主义

中国共产党执政地位的确立和中国特色社会主义道路的形成是内因与外因共同作用的结果,是历史必然性与主动选择性的统一。中国共产党从她成立的第一天起就与中国特色社会主义不可分割地联系着、内在地统一着,并坚持不懈地探索着、始终不渝地奋斗着,中国共产党不仅是中国特色社会主义前提的创造者、中国特色社会主义基础的奠定者,而且是中国特色社会主义道路的开辟者、中国特色社会主义理论的创立者,同时更是中国特色社会主义事业的领导者。     

中国共产党建设学习型政党的现实意义

在新世纪新阶段,把我们党建设成为马克思主义学习型政党具有重大现实意义。它是顺应形势发展的必然选择。其次,是推进事业发展的客观要求：是推进马克思主义中国化时代化大众化的必然要求;是用马克思主义中国化最新成果武装全党的客观需要;是推进事业发展顺利完成党的历史使命的现实需要。再次,是加强党的建设的迫切需要：是提高党员干部队伍素质、保持党的先进性的根本保证;是提高党的执政能力、巩固党的执政地位的内在要求;是探索新路子、推进党的建设新的伟大工程的客观需要。     

THE CYCLE OF VIOLENCE IN CONTEXT: EXPLORING THE MODERATING ROLES OF NEIGHBORHOOD DISADVANTAGE AND CULTURAL NORMS

Although the cycle of violence theory has received empirical support (Widom, 1989a, 1989b), in reality, not all victims of child physical abuse become involved in violence. Therefore, little is known regarding factors that may moderate the relationship between abuse and subsequent violence, particularly contextual circumstances. The current investigation used longitudinal data from 1,372 youth living in 79 neighborhoods who participated in the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN), and it employed a multivariate, multilevel Rasch model to explore the degree to which neighborhood disadvantage and cultural norms attenuate or strengthen the abuse–violence relationship. The results indicate that the effect of child physical abuse on violence was weaker in more disadvantaged communities. Neighborhood cultural norms regarding tolerance for youth delinquency and fighting among family and friends did not moderate the child abuse–violence relationship, but each had a direct effect on violence, such that residence in neighborhoods more tolerant of delinquency and fighting increased the propensity for violence. These results suggest that the cycle of violence may be contextualized by neighborhood structural and cultural conditions.     

SELF‐CONTROL AND VICTIMIZATION: A META‐ANALYSIS

A consequential development in victimization theory and research was the idea that individuals with low self‐control self‐select into the various risky behaviors that may ultimately result in their victimization. To establish the empirical status of the self‐control–victimization link, we subjected this body of work to a meta‐analysis. Our multilevel analyses of 311 effect size estimates drawn from 66 studies (42 independent data sets) indicate that self‐control is a modest yet consistent predictor of victimization. The results also show that the effect of self‐control is significantly stronger when predicting noncontact forms of victimization (e.g., online victimization) and is significantly reduced in studies that control directly for the risky behaviors that are assumed to mediate the self‐control–victimization link. We also note that the studies assessing self‐control and victimization are not representative of victimization research as a whole, with intimate partner violence (IPV), violence against women, and child abuse being severely underrepresented. We conclude that future research should continue to examine the causal processes linking self‐control to victimization, how self‐control shapes victims’ coping responses to their experience, and whether self‐control matters in contexts where individuals may have limited autonomy over the behavioral routines that put them at risk for victimization.