Lip print enhancement: review

Lip print(LP)evidence can be an essential tool for human forensics.LPs have conventionally been developed using substances such as lysochrome dyes,fluorescent dyes,indigo dye,aluminium powder,and silver metallic powder.However,techniques for LP enhancement from various substrates are currently inconsistent and lack standardisation in practice.This review summarises current knowledge on the physical and chemical techniques of LP enhancement,identifies limitations,and provides suggestions for future research on practical applications of cheiloscopy as a forensic tool in criminal justice.     

道义制衡观念的背景转换与现代应用

政治权力的制约是政治思想史上众多先哲们高度关注的问题。但是对于如何对政治权力进行制约,古代中国和西方的思想家们有了本质的分歧:中国古代思想家们根据"道高于君"的原则,采用道义制衡君主的绝对至上的政治权力,这种制衡的作用是或然性的,因而它从未根本的发挥过作用。从本质上说,道义制衡并不能真正对政治权力产生强制的约束力,但是它在某种程度上,某些条件下,可以对政治产生积极的协调和软制约作用。本文将尝试着论证当代中国政治权力制约的双重思路,并对传统制衡观念内容的转换和现代应用提出一些管见。     

“善治“:儒家伦理思想的现代治理意义

儒家伦理思想从社会个体入手 ,层层展开 ,由个体推及社会直至国家 ,终极目标在于社会的稳定和谐。把这种从个体到全体渐次推进 ,同时强调各要素之间协调互动的方法论从道德领域引入政治领域 ,不难发现其内在机制与目前西方学者正致力于研究“善治”有契合之处。目前我国社会资本下降 ,导致重重社会危机 ,挖掘儒家伦理思想中深刻的理论资源 ,对于我们消弭这种危机 ,实现社会“善治”有着深刻的方法论意义和资源意义。     

The institutionalization of identity: Micro adaptation, macro effects, and collective consequences

Constructivist approaches to the emergence and stability of collective identities are now widely accepted. But few of the assumptions of constructivist theory regarding repertoires of identities and their mutability in response to changing circumstances have been examined or even articulated. The article shows how different conditions of a fluid and changing environment affect the stabilization or institutionalization of an identity as dominant within a polity. We used the Agent-Based Identity-Repertoire (ABIR) model as a simulation tool and confined our attention to relatively simple identity situations. Strong evidence was found for the emergence of identity institutionalization, the existence of a “crystallization” threshold, the effectiveness of divide-and-rule strategies for the maintenance of an identity as dominant, the efficacy of a network of organic intellectuals, and hegemonic levels of institutionalization. Thresholds leading to hegemony were not observed. Preliminary results from experiments examining more complex identity situations have been corroborative. Ian S. Lustick is professor of political science at the University of Pennsylvania. He is the author ofUnsettled States, Disputed Lands: Britain and Ireland, France and Algeria, Israel and the West Bank/Gaza. His current research involves development and expansion of agent-based modeling techniques for the study of identity politics, learning, globalization, and terrorism. Dan Miodownik is a doctoral candidate in the University of Pennsylvania Department of Political Science. His dissertation integrates statistical, historical, and agent-based modeling techniques to explore the relationship between changing communications technologies and competition among identity projects in Europe.     

论债权人撤销权与交易安全

现代社会经济关系越来越复杂,商品交换过程中的信用关系变得日益脆弱,更需要法律制度给予保障。世界各国法律都赋予债权人撤销权,来保证债权人债权得到最终实现,进而维护交易安全。当然,法律同时也需要对债权人撤销权的行使加以必要的限制,以防止债权人权力的滥用。