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211.
Daniel J. Bell 《Journal of criminal justice》1982,10(1):45-55
This study focuses on identifying the relationship between the citizen's attitude toward the police and the police uniform and authoritarian attitude. The perceived authority associated with the police uniform has been an essential ingredient of the police role. Consequently, the police uniform influences attitudes and behaviors of the wearers as well as the citizens with whom they interact. The citizen's attitude is negatively affected by the traditional military style police uniform in conjunction with the authoritarian attitude exhibited by police officers in performance of their duties. Consequently, when the uniform and officer's attitude are altered, there will be a corresponding change in the citizen's attitude toward the police. The attitude of the officer, in conjunction with the uniform, exerts considerably more influence on the citizen's attitude than does the uniform, officer's attitude, or any additional factor acting independently. 相似文献
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Federalism and consociationalism are useful means of understandingpolitical systems. Federalism and consociationalism are bothbased on compound majoritarianism rather than simple majoritarianism,and both represent modern attempts to accommodate democraticcomplexity and pluralism, but the two systems are not quitesymmetrical, and territorial organization is not the only characteristicthat differentiates them. Instead, it can be said that federalismrelates to the form of a polity, while consociationalism relatesto the character of a regime. To the extent that federalismmay also function as the character of a regime, then federalismand consociationalism may be more symmetrical. One of the ambiguitiesof federalism is that it is often both form and regime. Consociationalism,however, relates only to regime. 相似文献
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Finite mixture models have become increasingly prevalent in criminology over the past two decades. Yet there is no consensus
about the appropriate criterion for model selection with finite mixture specifications. In this paper, we use simulation evidence
to examine model selection criteria. Our focus is on mixture models for event count data like those often encountered in criminology.
We use two indices to measure model selection performance. First, we examine how often each criterion chooses the correct
specification. Then, we investigate how closely the finite mixture models selected by these criteria approximate the true
mixing distribution used to simulate the event count data. We consider three sets of simulations. In the first set, the underlying
model is itself a three component Poisson-based finite mixture model. In the two other sets of simulations, the underlying
distribution of the Poisson rate parameter follows a continuous distribution. The analysis shows that both AIC and BIC perform
well under certain sets of circumstances likely to be encountered by criminologists.
相似文献
Daniel S. NaginEmail: |
220.
Research suggests there is a link between trauma and violence, although the nature of the relationship is rather equivocal. This study explored this relationship by examining self-reported trauma as a predictor of self-reported violence in 93 jail inmates. Ninety-six percent of the sample reported experiencing a traumatic event, and 67% reported having been violent during the year preceding incarceration. Inmates reporting trauma were more than twice as likely to report having been violent than nonviolent. Stepwise multiple regression analyses suggested traumatic events, as a combined model, significantly contributed to violence perpetration. In addition, witnessing serious violence predicted perpetration of violence. Implications and limitations of the present study are discussed. 相似文献