Child sexual abuse and pornography: Is there a relationship?

Sexual abuse is now a major form of child maltreatment; however, the causes of such exploitation are obscure. A review of official reports and other research indicate that the circumstances surrounding sexual abuse are inadequately specified to allow specific causal interpretations. The role of pornography in contributing to such abuse is explored by reviewing laboratory studies and the circumstances of child sexual abuse. An assessment of the research literature suggests that pornography is a minor and indirect influence on child sexual maltreatment.     

行政哲学:公共行政学的知识基础

针对公共行政学界存在的关于行政哲学的知识品性、知识功能以及行政哲学研究的必要性的怀疑态度,文章论证了行政哲学在何种维度、以何种方式,为公共行政学提供何种知识基础。行政哲学在公共行政学的前提性、支援性和引导性的知识维度,构成公共行政学的知识基础。从行政思想史以及行政哲学的发展状况来看,行政哲学至少能够为公共行政学提供价值观、方法论、思维方式等类别的知识基础。行政哲学主要通过反思思想前提以及一系列范畴和原理,为公共行政学提供知识基础。     

问题与消解:科学发展观视野下中国农民的政治参与

转型期中国农民政治参与,无论是在参与能力和意愿方面,还是在参与的途径和影响方面,均出现了崭新的局面,但仍然存在诸多问题。针对这些问题,可以从政治参与培训、参与的制度化法制化建设、农民利益表达的信息传输、农村公共管理伦理建设以及营造良序的农村文化氛围等方面来积极应对、有效解决。     

现代应急管理体制设计研究

科学合理且功能完备的应急管理体制对于完善应急管理体系有着举足轻重的作用。本文从应急管理功能的角度出发,考虑现代应急管理体制的设计架构,分别讨论了应急管理体制中的行政责任与社会责任系统、事件响应与评估恢复系统、资源支持与技术保障系统,以及防御避难与救护援助系统的内容和功能,并分析了这四个系统之间的相互关系和作用。     

基本公共服务的均等化与有效供给——基于福建省的思考

推进基本公共服务均等化,让改革的成果更多地惠及全民,是当前深化行政管理体制改革、建设服务型政府的基本要求。本文探讨基本公共服务均等化与有效供给的理论基础与创新战略问题。文章先探讨基本公共服务均等化与有效供给统筹考虑的基本内涵、要素和评价标准,并以福建省为例分析基本公共服务均等化与有效供给实践上存在的深层次矛盾和问题,进而提出基本公共服务均等化与有效供给的创新战略。笔者认为,基本公共服务均等化与有效供给是两个相互联系的方面,在利用财政手段等推进基本公共服务均等化的同时,还必须重视公共服务的有效供给,推动公共服务质量的持续改进。     

A genealogy of the government of poverty

This paper contributes to a genealogy of the discourses and government of poverty. It offers a statement of what might be understood bya genealogical perspective and method, and then focuses on the emergence of a ‘liberal mode of government’ of poverty in the early nineteenth century, of which the reformed poor law in England is emblematic but not exhaustive. The emergence of this mode of government is followed through a series of related transformations of the older systems of the relief and administration of ‘the Poor’, best understood as a dimension of ‘police’ in its archaic sense. The conditions of the problematization of this older system of government in matters of population, economy, police, and so on. This emergence has implications for the formation of a national labour market, notions of self-governance and responsibility, forms of patriarchy and household, and issues of morality, philanthropy, admkinistration, and the state. Above all, it is within this liberal mode of government that we can witness both the constitution of poverty as a field of knowledge and invention, perhaps for the first time, and also the various surfaces of emergence for what will become ‘the social’. The implications of this liberal mode of government for our present are far from exhausted.     

Political arenas,life styles,and the impact of technologies on policymaking

Public policies are often founded upon or employ specific technologies. Two basic types of technology are distinguished—behavioral and physical technologies—and their contributions to policy and policymaking are discussed. The attractiveness of a technology to policymakers depends on how politically significant groups view the technology's impact on life styles and its implications for the allocation of values. Following Theodore Lowi's groundwork, behavioral technologies generally are perceived to redistribute values (power, respect, wealth, status) and regulate styles of living, while physical technologies generally appear to distribute values, opportunities, and freedom to pursue desired life styles. The policy sciences are given separate treatment as a behavioral technology with both distributive and redistributive aspects. The creative use of physical technology, development of multidisciplinary policy studies, and efforts towards more distributive behavioral technologies are discussed as more relevant and productive for policymaking.     

Differential effectiveness in patient protection laws: what are the causes? An example from the drive-through delivery laws

In the mid-1990s, many states as well as the federal government began to regulate early postpartum hospital discharge. Length-of-stay patterns changed markedly in response, but effects were much greater in some states than others. In particular, laws directly empowering patients appeared more effective than laws requiring providers to follow practice guidelines. In addition, the effectiveness of regulation could potentially be influenced by state environment, such as managed care penetration as well as exposure to media attention and public pressure on the issue, though these factors alone were insufficient to cause general behavior change. Furthermore, the 1996 federal law had little effect beyond state laws, suggesting that it did not provide substantial benefits to women in self-insured plans exempted from state law regulation by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act. Findings from this study could provide lessons for similar patient protection initiatives.