“欧元乐园”的迷失与重建——兼论对东亚区域货币合作的启示

希腊主权债务危机引发的欧元危机是对欧洲区域经济与货币一体化的一次重大考验,深刻反映了欧洲经货联盟成立以来所出现的两大问题:成员国之间经济的不平衡发展以及联盟合作机制的缺陷。欧元危机给东亚区域货币与金融合作的启示是,在以欧盟货币合作为样板的同时,应着重加强区域内信息共享与政策合作,以清迈倡议(CMI)和清迈倡议多边机制(CMIM)为基础加快东亚货币合作机制建设,完善区域监管体系;同时加强区域内各国汇率合作和资本账户自由化,稳步推进区域金融市场一体化进程,逐步缩小各国之间汇率波动的幅度,以此推进东亚区域经济合作向纵深发展。     

当今中国社会分化与整合问题初探

分化与整合是社会存在的两种基本运动样态。人类的本性分为生物性、社会性和精神性,对应人类活动的经济、政治和文化三个领域,效率、公平和自由是相应三个领域的基本价值准则。当今中国社会的分化主要表现在五个方面：利益分化、阶层分化、区域分化、组织分化和观念分化。当今中国社会的发展动力是科学发展观的践行,侧重于利益整合;社会发展的平衡机制是和谐社会的构建,侧重于秩序整合;社会发展的方向是核心价值体系的推进,侧重于观念整合。     

流域管理大部制改革探索——以辽河管理体制改革为例

为贯彻实施大部制改革的基本精神和要求,构建一套"统一管理、垂直领导"的流域管理体制,实现各流域的综合治理,彻底改变流域管理职能分散、职权分割行使的现状。本文选取辽宁省辽河流域作为个案分析对象,通过集体座谈会、文献调查法和实地考察的方法,掌握了辽河管理体制改革的基本情况,深入分析了辽河管理体制改革面临的主要问题,进而针对性地提出了流域管理体制改革的四套完善方案,并进行了综合论证,认为应当将诸如辽河保护区管理局的流域管理机构定位为"大部制"的执行部门,并设计出具体的改革操作方案,使流域管理大部制改革经验能在全国得以一定程度的推广,从而服务于流域管理大部制改革的需要。     

我国林权纠纷解决机制及其完善

解决林权纠纷是新时期集体林权制度改革的必要前提和重要保障。我国在法理和实践层面都存在着林权纠纷的多元化解决机制,包括民间性、行政性和司法性纠纷解决机制。但这些机制在观念认知、制度安排和方式方法上都还存在诸多问题,当前迫切需要加强多元化、法治化和专业化建设。     

论我国公共管理创新平台构建的动力、模式与策略

公共管理理论浪潮的兴起推动着公共管理的创新,构建我国公共管理创新平台是必需的选择。全球化趋势的增强、第三部门的兴起和公民民主化诉求的高涨是公共管理创新平台构建的动力;"板凳式"公共管理创新平台是推动我国今后公共管理创新的理想模式;从体制、利益、理念三个层面来寻求公共管理创新平台构建的策略是一种比较合理的选择。     

Three Tales for a Sultan? Three Tales on Mehmed the Conqueror and Patriarch Gennadius

The article presents for the first time in written form three tales involving the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror and the Orthodox Christian Patriarch Gennadius. These tales purport to illustrate the relationship between the two men according to the view of the Orthodox Christian millet as represented by its religious hierarchy. The article places these otherwise unconsidered tales in the context of the general accounts of this millet which express the view of this relationship. This is a view which presents the events of around 1453 as this millet would have liked to see them as having occurred rather than as in fact they did occur. The tales present ‘snap-shot’, ‘anecdotal’ presentations of this relationship and they are shown to be in full agreement with the assumptions inherent in the base texts. By way of conclusion the texts are judged as testimony to the cultural reality of the later sixteenth-century Ottoman world.     

Brain distribution of selected antipsychotics in schizophrenia

The brain distribution of phenothiazine antipsychotics in 22 confirmed schizophrenic and 11 control subjects were collected at autopsy. Specimens were homogenized, extracted with n-butyl chloride, and analyzed via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, using atmospheric pressure electrospray ionization operating in the positive mode. Drug concentrations normalized for those observed in cerebellum showed three distinct patterns of distribution corresponding to different structural features of each type of phenothiazine. Those drugs with high affinity for dopamine receptors were detected in the highest concentrations in regions with high concentrations of such receptors. However, those associated with relatively lower dopaminergic activity were found in the highest concentration in the occipital cortex, a region with a relatively low concentration of dopamine receptors. The regional brain distribution of thioridazine and its metabolites was concentration dependent. These results have implications for determining the role of these drugs in the sudden and unexpected deaths of schizophrenics.     

What is violence against women: defining and measuring the problem

Violence against women (VAW) is a prevalent problem with substantial physical and mental health consequences throughout the world, and sound public policy is dependent on having good measures of VAW. This article (a) describes and contrasts criminal justice and public health approaches toward defining VAW, (b) identifies major controversies concerning measurement of VAW, (c) summarizes basic principles in identifying and measuring VAW cases, and (d) recommends changes to improve measurement of VAW. In addition to reviewing recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Workshop on Building Data Systems for Monitoring and Responding to Violence Against Women and the World Health Organization World Report on Violence and Health, the article concludes that changes are needed in the FBI Uniform Crime Reports and National Crime Victimization Survey to improve measurement of rape and sexual assault.     

High prevalence of 6-acetylmorphine in morphine-positive oral fluid specimens

Identification of 6-acetylmorphine, a specific metabolite of heroin, is considered to be definitive evidence of heroin use. Although 6-acetylmorphine has been identified in oral fluid following controlled heroin administration, no prevalence data is available for oral fluid specimens collected in the workplace. We evaluated the prevalence of positive test results for 6-acetylmorphine in 77,218 oral fluid specimens collected over a 10-month period (January-October 2001) from private workplace testing programs. Specimens were analyzed by Intercept immunoassay (cutoff concentration=30 ng/ml) and confirmed by GC-MS-MS (cutoff concentrations=30 ng/ml for morphine and codeine, and 3 ng/ml for 6-acetylmorphine). Only morphine-positive oral fluid specimens were tested by GC-MS-MS for 6-acetylmorphine. A total of 48 confirmed positive morphine results were identified. An additional 107 specimens were confirmed for codeine only. Of the 48 morphine-positive specimens, 32 (66.7%) specimens were positive for 6-acetylmorphine. Mean concentrations (+/-S.E.M.) of morphine, 6-acetylmorphine and codeine in the 32 specimens were 755+/-201, 416+/-168 and 196+/-36 ng/ml, respectively. Concentrations of 6-acetylmorphine in oral fluid ranged from 3 to 4095 ng/ml. The mean ratio (+/-S.E.M.) of 6-acetylmorphine/morphine was 0.33+/-0.06. It is suggested that, based on controlled dose studies of heroin administration, ratios >1 of 6-acetylmorphine/morphine in oral fluid are consistent with heroin use within the last hour before specimen collection. The confirmation of 6-acetylmorphine in 66.7% of morphine-positive oral fluid specimens indicates that oral fluid testing for opioids may offer advantages over urine in workplace drug testing programs and in testing drugged drivers for recent heroin use.