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Deborah Cao 《International Journal for the Semiotics of Law》2011,24(3):351-367
There is yet to be any animal welfare or protection law for domestic animals in China, one of the few countries in the world
today that do not have such laws. However, in Chinese imperial law, there were legal provisions adopted more than a 1,000 years
ago for the care and treatment of domestic working animals. Furthermore, in traditional Chinese philosophy, animals were regarded
as constituent part of the organic whole of the cosmos by ancient Chinese philosophers who saw no strict delineation between
humans and non-human animals. Notwithstanding, the attitude and practice towards animals in ancient Chinese life was also
ambivalent and was predicated upon the practical utility of animals for the service of humans and society. Such practice can
be seen through the legal provisions in imperial China. This paper first discusses animal’s place in traditional Chinese philosophy
and then in Chinese imperial law. It raises the issue of the gap discernable from the philosophical thought on animals and
practice regarding animals in everyday life in China. The paper argues that given the gap in perception and attitude regarding
animals, law can play an important role that moral teaching has not been able to achieve. 相似文献
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Mario A. Davila Deborah J. Hartley Kevin Buckler Steve Wilson 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2011,36(4):408-420
This study examined the impact of prior personal or vicarious experience with the criminal justice system on sentencing attitudes.
Existing research on sentencing attitudes has examined factors such as race, gender, income level, political affiliation,
and education level, but few research studies have focused on actual contact with the criminal justice system and its influence
on perceptions of sentencing as either too harsh or too lenient. The current study utilized data collected by the Roper Center
for Public Opinion Research. Over 1,500 respondents were surveyed nationwide in 2006 regarding sentencing attitudes. Logistic
regression analysis was utilized to assess the impact of factors of interest on sentencing attitudes. Results indicated that
individuals who had been charged with a crime (personal experience), or who had an immediate relative or close friend who
had been charged (vicarious experience), were more likely to perceive the criminal justice system as too harsh, regardless
of race/ethnicity. 相似文献
477.
Deborah Beim Alexander V. Hirsch Jonathan P. Kastellec 《American journal of political science》2014,58(4):904-918
One way that principals can overcome the problem of informational asymmetries in hierarchical organizations is to enable whistleblowing. We evaluate how whistleblowing influences compliance in the judicial hierarchy. We present a formal model in which a potential whistleblower may, at some cost, signal noncompliance by a lower court to a higher court. A key insight of the model is that whistleblowing is most informative when it is rare. While the presence of a whistleblower can increase compliance by lower courts, beyond a certain point blowing the whistle is counterproductive and actually reduces compliance. Moreover, a whistleblower who is a “perfect ally” of the higher court (in terms of preferences) blows the whistle too often. Our model shows an important connection between the frequency of whistleblowing and the effectiveness of whistleblowing as a threat to induce compliance in hierarchical organizations. 相似文献
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Rothman EF Stuart GL Winter M Wang N Bowen DJ Bernstein J Vinci R 《Journal of interpersonal violence》2012,27(15):2959-2979
Objective: This study retrospectively examined the daily-level associations between youth alcohol use and dating abuse (DA) victimization and perpetration for a 6-month period. Method: Timeline Followback (TLFB) interview data were collected from 397 urban emergency department patients, ages 17 to 21 years. Patients were eligible if they reported past month alcohol use and past year dating. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) analyses estimated the likelihood of DA on a given day as a function of alcohol use or heavy use (≥4 drinks per day for women, ≥5 drinks per day for men), as compared with nonuse. Results: Approximately 52% of men and 61% of women participants reported experiencing DA victimization ≥1 times during the past 6 months, and 45% of men and 55% of women reported perpetrating DA ≥1 times. For both men and women, DA perpetration was more likely on a drinking day as opposed to a nondrinking day (ORs = 1.70 and ORs = 1.69, respectively). DA victimization was also more likely on a drinking day as opposed to a nondrinking day for both men and women (ORs = 1.23 and ORs = 1.34, respectively). DA perpetration and DA victimization were both more likely on heavy drinking days as opposed to nondrinking days (2.04 and 2.03 for men's and women's perpetration, respectively, and 1.41 and 1.43 for men's and women's victimization, respectively). Conclusions: This study found that alcohol use was associated with increased risk for same day DA perpetration and victimization, for both male and female youth. We conclude that for youth who use alcohol, alcohol use is a potential risk factor for DA victimization and perpetration. 相似文献
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