New findings on the transfer of computing applications among cities

This paper presents a study of the concepts of transferring computer technology among city governments. A sample of cities from a domestic population and an international population are used as the basis of the research. Contrary to expectation, and for both populations, the survey indicated the level of computer applications transfer among cities was found to be low compared to the amount of total application development. It was determined that an important source of transfer information was from “centers” such as the federal government, vendors, and transfer agencies, rather than city to city. International cities that were studied seem to experience a propensity toward centralized control at the national level. These controls often include the transfer of technical information. Further, the types of transfer may vary widely between the domestic vs the international cities. That is, domestic city transfers tend to be operations-oriented, while transfers from national centers tend to be management oriented. In general the study supported prior conclusions concerning the difficulties of transfer. The problem of mismatch and difficulties in modification make transfers very risky. Even so, there are many persons willing to take the risks in order to try to achieve lower costs and to realize the opportunity to obtain sophisticated applications.     

Klage auf Ausschlie?ung eines ?schlichten“ Miteigentümers?

In der E 5 Ob 63/10s hat der OGH die analoge Anwendung des § 36 WEG auf den Ausschluss eines Miteigentümers aus der schlichten Miteigentumsgemeinschaft abgelehnt.Gruber m?chte in einem kürzlich erschienenen Aufsatz – für die F?lle der Zivilteilung der Liegenschaft- die Zul?ssigkeit einer solchen Klage mittels eines Analogieschlusses zu § 1210 ABGB begründen. Der folgende Beitrag besch?ftigt sich mit der Frage, ob ein Recht auf Ausschluss eines „schlichten“ Miteigentümers aus dem geltenden Recht ableitbar ist und geht dabei auch kritisch auf die von Gruber ge?u?erte Ansicht ein.