论行政复议的基本原则

全国人大常委会第九次会议通过的《中华人民共和国行政复议法》是我国民主与法制建设的又一重要成果,标志着我国行政复议制度的进一步完善.行政复议的基本原则是行政复议法的一个重要问题,对行政复议的基本原则问题加以研究,有助于我们加深对这部法律的理解,更好地贯彻执行这部法律.     

日本防卫厅升格令人关注

11月30日,日本众议院通过了旨在使防卫厅升格为防卫省的《防卫厅设置法修正案》.12月15日,该法案在参议院获得通过.这样,2007年1月9日,防卫厅便将正式升格为"防卫省",现任防卫厅长官久间章生将成为日本首位防卫大臣.该法案的通过意味着,52年来以"防卫厅"的名义"羞答答"地存在的日本防卫机构终于"掀起了盖头".由"厅"到"省"的一字之差意味着日本武装力量的性质、指挥体制将发生根本性变化,其后续动作更值得关注.     

Oriana Skylar Mastro,The Costs of Conversation: Obstacles to Peace Talks in Wartime

Journal of Chinese Political Science -     

Volatile Organic Compounds,Spectral Characterization and Morphology of Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO) Samples

Ammonium nitrate fuel oil is an explosive mixture found in most antipersonnel landmines (APL) buried throughout the Colombian territory. During more than 50 years of internal conflict, the Colombian government has found that trained dogs are the most effective method to detect APL. However, the olfactive signature in ANFO is unknown and also if there are differences in detection related to the explosive manufacturing origin. Therefore, this work begins with the analytical validation of the method used to determine ammonia, in its derivatized form as carbamate, released by home-made ANFO using HS-SPME-GC-FID. Once validated, the method was used to identify ammonia and other organic volatile compounds present in ANFO, under laboratory and simulated field conditions. The validation process includes the evaluation of the optimum conditions for the derivation and extraction of butylcarbamate, the determination of the working ranges with linear response in FID, the limits of detection and quantification, the sensitivity, and the precision. The results of the validation established linearity and sensitivity in a concentration between 20 and 120 mg/L, as well as low limits of detection and quantification of 6.4 and 21.4 mg/L, respectively. Also, an intermediate precision of 11% for butylcarbamate with a repeatability of 8%. The validated method showed in real samples of home-made ANFO besides ammonia, the presence of low molecular methylamines, and also exhibited differences in volatile compositions according to the origin. The objective of this work is to offer a reliable analytical methodology for the extraction and analysis of volatile compounds from ANFO.