全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10245篇 |
免费 | 326篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 303篇 |
工人农民 | 486篇 |
世界政治 | 616篇 |
外交国际关系 | 312篇 |
法律 | 6575篇 |
中国共产党 | 34篇 |
中国政治 | 127篇 |
政治理论 | 1982篇 |
综合类 | 136篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 65篇 |
2020年 | 150篇 |
2019年 | 135篇 |
2018年 | 211篇 |
2017年 | 248篇 |
2016年 | 283篇 |
2015年 | 228篇 |
2014年 | 225篇 |
2013年 | 843篇 |
2012年 | 246篇 |
2011年 | 282篇 |
2010年 | 215篇 |
2009年 | 279篇 |
2008年 | 344篇 |
2007年 | 350篇 |
2006年 | 331篇 |
2005年 | 302篇 |
2004年 | 295篇 |
2003年 | 242篇 |
2002年 | 238篇 |
2001年 | 352篇 |
2000年 | 325篇 |
1999年 | 259篇 |
1998年 | 155篇 |
1997年 | 112篇 |
1996年 | 140篇 |
1995年 | 115篇 |
1994年 | 131篇 |
1993年 | 126篇 |
1992年 | 198篇 |
1991年 | 249篇 |
1990年 | 212篇 |
1989年 | 198篇 |
1988年 | 221篇 |
1987年 | 201篇 |
1986年 | 221篇 |
1985年 | 192篇 |
1984年 | 163篇 |
1983年 | 157篇 |
1982年 | 102篇 |
1981年 | 122篇 |
1980年 | 101篇 |
1979年 | 102篇 |
1978年 | 89篇 |
1977年 | 77篇 |
1976年 | 64篇 |
1975年 | 64篇 |
1974年 | 65篇 |
1973年 | 77篇 |
1971年 | 50篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
Renard Sexton Rachel L. Wellhausen Michael G. Findley 《American journal of political science》2019,63(2):353-367
Dissident violence inflicts many costs on society, but some of the longest‐lasting consequences for civilians may be indirect, due to the government's response. We explore how government policy responses affect social welfare, specifically through budgetary shifts. Using subnational violence and budgeting data for Peru, we demonstrate that attacks on soldiers during the budget negotiation period drive a shift from local social services, especially health, to defense. One soldier fatality implies a 0.13 percentage point reduction in the local health budget share (2008–12). Health budget cuts due to a single soldier fatality result in 76 predicted additional infant deaths 2 years later. We show that the effect on health budgeting operates through decreases in women's use of health facilities and postnatal services. We offer evidence that Peru's coercive response indirectly harms civilians due to butter‐to‐guns budgetary shifts. Our results identify a budgetary mechanism that translates dissident violence into a deterioration in social welfare. 相似文献
992.
How can one explain the significant vote losses of mainstream parties across Europe in recent years? In this article, it is argued that mainstream party convergence is an important determinant of the recent political and electoral volatility in European party systems. More specifically, it is hypothesised that as mainstream parties converge on the left-right scale, voters will switch from supporting a mainstream party to a non-mainstream party in the next election as they look for an alternative that better represents their ideological views. To test these theoretical expectations, data is combined from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems and the Manifestos Project for nearly 15,000 vote choices of individual voters in 30 elections in 16 West and East European countries from 2001 until 2013. The findings have important implications for understanding the recent rise of non-mainstream parties, the changing nature of party systems and the increasing complexity of cabinet formation across Europe. 相似文献
993.
ANDREAS DÜR 《European Journal of Political Research》2019,58(2):514-535
Through what mechanism do interest groups shape public opinion on concrete policies? In this article, three hypotheses are proposed that distinguish between the effect of the arguments conveyed by interest groups and the effect of interest groups as source cues. Two survey experiments on the proposed Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TIPP) and the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change allow the testing of these hypotheses. The resulting evidence from several countries shows that, with respect to interest groups’ attempts at shaping public opinion, arguments matter more than their sources. This is so even when accounting for people's trust in the interest groups that serve as source cues and for people's level of information about a policy. The finding that interest groups affect public opinion via arguments rather than as source cues has implications for the literature on elite influence on public opinion and the normative evaluation of interest group activities. 相似文献
994.
David S. Knight Susan Landry Tricia A. Zucker Emily C. Merz Cathy L. Guttentag Heather B. Taylor 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2019,38(4):891-917
We evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of two early childhood interventions that use instructional coaching and parent coaching as levers for improvement. The study design allows us to compare the individual effects of each intervention as well as their combined effect on student outcomes. We find that teachers receiving instructional coaching improve their use of evidence‐based instructional practices, while families receiving parent coaching show increases in numerous responsive parenting behaviors associated with positive child outcomes. Both interventions demonstrate positive impacts on students, but only parent coaching shows statistically significant effects across a range of student outcomes. Instructional coaching alone is substantially less costly and may therefore be the most cost‐effective of the three treatment conditions; however, small sample sizes limit our ability to reach definitive conclusions. Policy simulations suggest that implementing these interventions could raise the overall cost‐effectiveness of Head Start by at least 16 percent. 相似文献
995.
Studies show that women and girls consistently demonstrate higher levels of concern for the environment than men and boys. Separately, research also indicates that women officeholders pay particular attention to the issues prioritized by their female constituents. Interestingly, despite the consistency of the gender gap in attitudes to environmental issues the literature has paid scant attention to the role of women officeholders in the adoption of environmental policy. The goal of this paper was to start to address that lacuna. Using pooled cross‐sectional time series analyses of environmental standards in 18 Western parliamentary democracies (1990–2012), our initial findings indicate women officeholders are associated with the adoption of higher environmental standards. 相似文献
996.
997.
Among the more recognizable programs related to natural and sustainable food is the United States Department of Agriculture’s National Organic Program. Although the robustness of the organic food market is difficult to contest, many debate the extent to which U.S. organic policy outcomes adequately serve consumers and the organic agriculture producers they rely on. This paper engages the debate from the perspective of certified organic producers. Drawing on the results of a nationwide survey of USDA‐certified producers, we first provide a snapshot of how producers assess the environmental, consumer, and market impacts of U.S. organic food policy. We then examine the extent to which organic producers’ policy impact perceptions are associated with their alignment with an “organic ethos”—understood as producers’ commitment to core organic principles and the organic movement. The paper highlights producers’ values as perceptual filters and cognitive mechanisms that help shape producers’ policy impacts perceptions, illustrating a contributing factor to the enduring nature of organic policy debates. 相似文献
998.
L. GUBAREVA 《北京周报(英文版)》2011,54(23):47
<正>The ground was shaking.The roads were distorted.The mountains collapsed,raining down stones.A devastating earthquake ravaged Sichuan Province on May 12,2008,followed by more than 30,000 aftershocks. 相似文献
999.
Journal of Family Violence - This article explores the use of cognitive interviewing among one sensitive population, survivors of crime, and shares lessons learned from a cognitive interviewing... 相似文献
1000.
Right-wing populist (RWP) movements have been on the rise in Western democracies. Outside of party politics, such movements regularly organize demonstrations against political elites and minority groups. At the same time, civil society coalitions have mobilized against these movements. Yet we know little about the effect of counter-demonstrations on RWP protest activities. We derive competing theoretical expectations from previous work. On the one hand, counter-mobilization reduces mobilization because the original movement is less likely to achieve its goals (expected utility/costs). On the other hand, clashes and standoffs between opposing movements facilitate mobilization through polarization and anger (identity/emotions). We empirically analyze movement–countermovement dynamics using a new city-level event dataset on street protests by the German Pegida movement and its opponents. In our quantitative analysis, we investigate how counter-mobilization is associated with the onset of Pegida protests, their intensity in terms of participant numbers, and their demobilization. Counter-mobilization does not prevent protest onset, but large counter-demonstrations are associated with larger subsequent Pegida protests, and violence against Pegida supporters reduces the likelihood that they will stop protesting. 相似文献