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51.
High‐Resolution Melting (HRM) of Hypervariable Mitochondrial DNA Regions for Forensic Science
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Alípio dos Santos Rocha M.Sc. Isis Salviano Soares de Amorim M.Sc. Tatiana de Almeida Simão Ph.D. Adenilson de Souza da Fonseca Ph.D. Rodrigo Grazinoli Garrido Ph.D. Andre Luiz Mencalha Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2018,63(2):536-540
Forensic strategies commonly are proceeding by analysis of short tandem repeats (STRs); however, new additional strategies have been proposed for forensic science. Thus, this article standardized the high‐resolution melting (HRM) of DNA for forensic analyzes. For HRM, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from eight individuals were extracted from mucosa swabs by DNAzol reagent, samples were amplified by PCR and submitted to HRM analysis to identify differences in hypervariable (HV) regions I and II. To confirm HRM, all PCR products were DNA sequencing. The data suggest that is possible discriminate DNA from different samples by HRM curves. Also, uncommon dual‐dissociation was identified in a single PCR product, increasing HRM analyzes by evaluation of melting peaks. Thus, HRM is accurate and useful to screening small differences in HVI and HVII regions from mtDNA and increase the efficiency of laboratory routines based on forensic genetics. 相似文献
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Dalia Mohammed Alsaif M.B.B.S. S.B.F.L.M. Osama M. Almadani M.D. Ph.D. F.F.F.L.M. Salah Ali Almoghannam M.D. Dina Hamdi M.B.B.S. Maram A. Al‐Farayedhi M.B.B.S. S.B.F.L.M. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2018,63(4):1171-1175
Identifying children's risk exposure is the first step toward mortality prevention. This retrospective study determined the causes of child fatalities in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Death reports of children and adolescents from 1999 to 2015 (N = 157) were analyzed. Boys represented most cases (69%) and there were two age peaks (1–5 years and 16–18 years). Accidents (typically immersion) defined the main death circumstance (51%) followed by homicide (25%). Only 33% of cases underwent autopsy, and the most common cause of death was head injury (27%) followed by firearm injury. Only one immersion death underwent autopsy. This study revealed important data about the risk exposure of children in Dammam and emphasizes deficient investigative procedures. Child fatality reviews comprise systematic data collection by multidisciplinary teams to determine the true risks toward children in a community. Such teams do not exist in Arab countries; therefore, strategies should be implemented to initiate them. 相似文献
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Thirty human urines screened positive by the Syva enzyme multiple immunoassay technique (EMIT) d.a.u. urine cannabinoid assay were also positive for the major marijuana urinary metabolite 11-nor-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH) when assayed by gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) and a noninstrumental qualitative bonded-phase adsorption/thin-layer chromatographic (BPA-TLC) technique. The noninstrumental BPA-TLC procedure was the simpler of the two techniques to perform and interpret. Assay of these same samples by the Roche Abuscreen radioimmunoassay (RIA) for cannabinoids (125I) revealed that reliance on the 100-ng/mL equivalent positive calibrator yielded a high incidence of false negative results (10 out of 30). The performance of these same 4 assays on 30 true negatives also was evaluated. All samples were negative for cannabinoids by EMIT and RIA, and for THC-COOH by BPA-TLC. GC/MS assay, however, detected spurious low levels of approximately 5-ng/mL THC-COOH in two instances. Because of this, a reliability level of 10 ng/mL was set for the routine quantitative confirmation of THC-COOH by the GC/MS method. 相似文献
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Bini C Ceccardi S Ferri G Pelotti S Alù M Roncaglia E Beduschi G Caenazzo L Ponzano E Tasinato P Turchi C Buscemi L Mazzanti M Tagliabracci A Toni C Spinetti I Domenici R Presciuttini S 《Forensic science international》2005,153(2-3):231-236
Many X-chromosome short tandem repeats (X-STRs) have been validated for forensic use even if further studies are needed on allele frequencies and mutation rates to evaluate the extent of polymorphism in different populations and to establish reference databases useful for forensic applications and for anthropological studies. A single multiplex reaction of seven X-STRs, which includes the DXS6789, HUMARA, DXS10011, DXS7423, HPRTB, DXS6807, DXS101 loci, is presented and their allele frequency distribution in a large population sample including 556 subjects (268 females and 288 males) analysed by five forensic laboratories of Central and Northern Italy is shown. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of a single amplification/detection reaction involving seven markers of the X chromosome, which can be fruitfully used in complex kinship analysis. 相似文献
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Syed Al Atahar 《Development in Practice》2014,24(2):258-271
In 1998 the Jamuna Multi-Purpose Bridge (JMB), the largest infrastructure development project in Bangladesh was completed. Huge numbers of households were affected by the project and many were displaced. Only a handful of displaced people were resettled by the project. The JMB was the first development project in Bangladesh that included resettlement activities as an integral part of the project and introduced a resettlement action plan. In principle, the Revised Resettlement Action Plan endorsed the primary principle of Operational Directives 4:30 of the World Bank. The resettlement project's core objective was to improve the living standards of project-affected persons above their previous level, or at least reinstate their pre-project standard. To meet the goals, various grants and supports were given as compensation. The project has earned international admiration as an example for other projects to follow. This study investigates the extent to which Jamuna Multi-Purpose Bridge's compensation-based resettlement succeeded in reconstructing displaced households, and identifies discrepancies between policy and practice. It concludes with major findings and comparative analysis on the compensation principle, and provides opinions based on information gathered from the field. 相似文献
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S Presciuttini A Caglià M Alù A Asmundo L Buscemi L Caenazzo E Carnevali E Carra Z De Battisti F De Stefano R Domenici A Piccinini N Resta U Ricci V L Pascali 《Forensic science international》2001,122(2-3):184-188
A sample of 1176 males from 10 Italian regions have been typed for DYS19, DYS389-I, DYS389-II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, and DYS385. Individual haplotype data are available on line. A low degree of variation is present among regions. Use of this database is specifically recommended for forensic applications in Italy. 相似文献