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981.
982.
Stephen M. O’Brien 《Journal of contemporary African studies : JCAS》2020,38(1):138-153
ABSTRACT Community mobilisation and activism is thought to encourage HIV testing and treatment and assist patient recovery. This article draws on interviews conducted with 60 people living with, and affected by HIV, in four marginalised areas of Harare, Zimbabwe. The lenses of civil society and social movements are used to analyse how people living with HIV draw on, and construct, systems of support based on the ways in which their communities know and understand the epidemic. I consider how neighbourhoods negotiate and assert community and individual needs in relation to HIV and how such systems can develop into community networks and wider coalitions. The article concludes by positing that, by interrogating official responses to the epidemic, HIV-related activism and social movements can help to domesticate formal commitments to international health protocols and compliance, particularly in terms of the intent, as well as the participatory rhetoric, of health based rights. 相似文献
983.
984.
Discusses modern approaches to evaluation of the quality of medical care in cases when civil action is brought against medical people for inflicting damage to health leading to unfavorable outcomes. Emphasizes the need in developing a special organization model of medical care quality and efficacy control system, which should be based on universal principles, notions, and adequate tests and evaluations. 相似文献
985.
986.
Massive pulmonary embolism in cancer patients can be due to detached thrombi or tumor. Pulmonary tumor embolism is often undiagnosed antemortem. We report a 52-year-old Chinese man admitted for management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Computerized tomography showed tumor involvement of hepatic vein and inferior vena cava. He died suddenly on the day of admission. At autopsy the main pulmonary arteries of both lungs were blocked by large tumor emboli, the immediate cause of death. Although rapid death in patients with HCC is usually caused by intraperitoneal hemorrhage from spontaneous rupture of tumor, massive pulmonary tumor embolism should also be considered in these patients, especially when antemortem evidence of hepatic vein and/or inferior vena cava invasion is present. 相似文献
987.
Al-Dirbashi OY Wada M Kuroda N Takahashi M Nakashima K 《Journal of forensic sciences》2000,45(3):708-714
In this paper, miniaturized achiral and chiral high-performance liquid chromatographic procedures for the determination of methamphetamine and amphetamine in human urine are described. After a simple pretreatment of human urine (i.e., 10 microL of urine or diluted urine were acidified and dried-up under N2 at room temperature) and fluorescence derivatization with 4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-benzoyl chloride under mild conditions (pH 9.0, 10 min at room temperature), the derivatives were isocratically separated on a semi-micro ODS column with Tris-HCl buffer (0.1 M, pH 7.0): acetonitrile (45 + 55 v/v) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min or their enantiomers were separated on a semi-micro OD-RH column with sodium hexafluorophosphate (0.3 M aq.): acetonitrile (44 + 56 v/v) at a flow rate of 0.1 mL/min as the mobile phase. Wide-ranged calibration curves were obtained with detection limits for the achiral and chiral analyses in the atto and femtomol levels, respectively, per injected volume. Satisfactory within- and between-day reproducibility data were obtained with both the methods with the highest relative standard deviation being 9.6%. The methods were applied to the determination of methamphetamine and amphetamine in human urine samples and the concentrations determined by the two methods were well correlated (r = 0.994). 相似文献
988.
Postmortem investigation of lamotrigine concentrations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lamotrigine is a relatively new anticonvulsant. Therapeutic plasma concentrations generally range from 1 to 4 mg/L, although several studies have shown that good control of epilepsy has been achieved with concentrations reaching 10 mg/L generally, with little toxicity. In overdose, however, the drug has been linked to ECG changes that may suggest a possible arrythmogenic effect and hence cardiac toxicity. Lamotrigine has also been shown to cause encephalopathy and thus neurotoxicity. There is no information concerning postmortem lamotrigine concentrations and their interpretation. We describe lamotrigine concentrations in postmortem specimens including blood, liver, bile, vitreous humour, and urine from eight cases. A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method is described with extraction procedures for the various tissues. Two possible groups were identified. The first being the "broader therapeutic" group with blood concentrations ranging from 0.9 to 7.2 mg/L and corresponding liver concentrations ranging from 16 to 36 mg/kg. The second being a "supratherapeutic" group with blood concentrations ranging from 20 to 39 mg/L and corresponding liver concentrations ranging from 53 to 350 mg/kg. Although none of the eight cases described were attributed to overdose by lamotrigine alone, the cause of death for one of the three cases in the "supratherapeutic" group was given as mixed drug toxicity. Cause of death for the remaining two cases in this group was reported as epilepsy. However, both these cases showed elevated concentrations of lamotrigine and both were co-medicated with valproic acid. Such co-administration has been shown in the literature to lead to elevated lamotrigine concentrations and a reduction in lamotrigine dose has been recommended. With such data, we highlight the importance of monitoring lamotrigine concentrations in cases co-medicated, particularly with valproic acid. 相似文献
989.
Suicide attempts can be described to include all actions taken by an individual to end their life as a result of acute desperation. In parallel with the changes in the make-up of human societies both globally and in this country in recent years, suicide attempts are receiving attention in ever increasing proportions. The current study is aimed at investigating the psycho-socio-cultural factors that contribute to the known cases of suicide attempts. The study included 116 cases admitted to the Emergency Internal Medicine and Surgery Units of the University of Istanbul, Faculty of Medicine Hospital between 1 December 1998 and 31 May 1999. In only 47 cases, a 30-point questionnaire was used in several face-to-face interviews with the patients following the preparation of a clinical case study. In establishing the socio-demographic, socio-cultural and socio-economic attributes of each individual case, a range of contributing effective factors is questioned. Including the specific reasons for each suicide attempt, the emotional state of the individual prior to the suicide attempt, the type of suicide action chosen and reasons for this selection, immediate family structure, personal psychiatric antecedent, substance abuse. The results of our investigations are compared with the existing literature in a multi-faceted discussion. 相似文献
990.