B. Reviews and notes bibliographies and works of reference

INDEX ISLAMICUS 1665–1905: A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ARTICLES ON ISLAMIC SUBJECTS IN PERIODICALS AND OTHER COLLECTIVE PUBLICATIONS. Compiled by W.H. BEHN. Millersville, Adiyok, 1989. xxx, 870pp. US$ 125.— or DM 225.— or £72.00.

CATALOGUE OF THE ARABIC MANUSCRIPTS IN THE DAIBER COLLECTION, INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL CULTURE, UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO. By HANS DAIBER. Tokyo, Documentation Center for Asian Studies, Institute of Oriental Culture, University of Tokyo, 1988. vii, 181pp.

MIDDLE EAST AND ISLAM: A BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INTRODUCTION. SUPPLEMENT 1977–1983. Edited by PAUL AUCHTERLONIE [for the] Middle East Libraries Committee. (Bibliotheca Asiatica, 20.) Zug, IDC, 1986. vi, 244pp. SFr. 90.—.

LE MONDE ARABE: BIBLIOGRAPHIE SÉLECTIVE ET ANALYTIQUE. Établie par FAROUK MARDAM‐BEY [et al.]. (Références documentaires, No. 43.) Paris, Centre National de Documentation Pédagogique, 1987. 123pp.

LIBYA. Compiled by RICHARD I. LAWLESS. (World Bibliographical Series, 79.) Oxford, Clio Press, 1987. 243pp. Map. £32.50.

A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE IRAN‐IRAQ BORDERLAND. By K.S. McLACHLAN and R.N. SCHOFIELD. Wisbech, MENAS Press, 1988. 383pp. £26.00.

INDIAN OCEAN. Compiled by JULIA J. GOTTHOLD with DONALD W. GOTTHOLD. (World Bibliographical Series, 85.) Oxford, Clio Press, 1988. xxix, 328pp. Map. £43.50.

AL‐MAR'A: BIBLIYUGHRAFIYYA. Compiled by FA'IQ FUDULI. Baghdad, Al‐Ittihad al‐'Amm li‐Nisa’ al‐'Iraq, 1985. 322pp. £4.00.

T.E. LAWRENCE: A BIBLIOGRAPHY. By PHILIP O'BRIEN. Winchester, St Paul's Bibliographies, 1988. 724pp. £45.00.

ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF ISLAM, New Edition, vol. V: KHE‐MAHI. Leiden, Brill, 1986. xvii, 1263pp. 59 plates. HF1. 620.—.

THE CAMBRIDGE ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA. Executive Editor TREVOR MOSTYN. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1988. 504pp. Photographs, maps, tables. £30.00.

GESCHICHTE DER ARABISCHEN WELT. Herausgegeben von ULRICH HAARMANN. Munich, Verlag C.H. Beck, 1987. 720pp. 14 maps. DM 138.—.

THE MIDDLE EAST. Edited by MICHAEL ADAMS. (Handbooks to the Modern World.) New York & Oxford, Facts on File, 1988. xviii, 839pp. Maps. £30.00.

THE CAMBRIDGE ATLAS OF THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA. Edited by GERALD BLAKE, JOHN DEWDNEY and JONATHAN MITCHELL. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1987. 126pp. £45.00.

PLANOS Y MAPAS HISPANICOS DE ARGELIA: SIGLOS XVI‐XVIII/PLANS ET CARTES HISPANIQUES DE L'ALGÉRIE: XVIème‐XVIIIème SIÈCLES. VOLUMEN I: ESTUDIO, CATÁLOGO E INDICES/VOLUME I; ÉTUDE, CATALOGUE ET INDEX. By MIKEL DE EPALZA and JUAN BTA. VILAR. [Madrid,] Instituto Hispano‐Árabe de Cultura, 1988. 399, [5]pp. 497 plans and maps (24 in colour). 5,500 Ptas.

A MAGYAROK TÖRTÉNETE: TARIH‐I ÜNGÜRÜSZ; MADZSAR TARIHI. By MAHMUD TERDZSÜMAN etc. Translated with notes by JÓZSEF BLASKOVICS. Revised and introduced by ELOD VASS. Budapest, Magveto Könyvkiadó, 1982. 523pp. Ft. 35.—.

LE DEBUT DE L'IMPRIMERIE ARABE A ISTANBUL ET EN SYRIE: EVOLUTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT CULTUREL (1706–1787). BIDAYAT AL‐TIBA'A AL‐'ARABIYYA FI ISTANBUL WA‐BILAD AL‐SHAM: TATAWWUR AL‐MUHIT AL‐THAQAFI (1706–1787). By WAHID GDOURA (WAHID GADURA). (Publications de lTnstitut Superiéur de Documentation, 8; Manshūrat al‐Ma'had al‐A'la li‐l‐Tawthiq, 8.) Tunis, Institut Superieur de Documentation, 1985. 312, 7pp.

ORIENTAL PRESSES IN THE WORLD. By NAZIR AHMAD. Lahore, Qadiria Book Traders, 1985. 272pp., incl. 39 facsimiles. Pak.Rs. 175.—

AL‐SIHAFA AL‐ISLAMIYYA AL‐JAZA'IRIYYA MIN BIDAYATIHA ILA SANAT 1930. LA PRESSE MUSULMANE ALGÉRIENNE DE 1830 [Agrave] 1930. By ZAHIR IHADDADIN (ZAHIR IHADDADEN). Algiers, Entreprise Nationale du Livre, 1986. 53, 51pp. DA17.50.

KITAB TATQIF AL‐TA'RIF BI'L‐MUSTALAH AL‐?ARIF. By TAQI AL‐DIN ‘ABD AL‐RAHMAN IBN NAZIR AL‐GAY?. Edited by RUDOLF VESELÝ. Cairo, Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1987. vi, 249, XXVIpp. 8 plates.

WATHA'IQ AL‐KHALIJ AL‐'ARABI 1968–1971: TUMUHAT AL‐WAHDA WA‐HUMUM AL‐ISTIQLAL. Edited by RIYAD NAJIB AL‐RAYYIS (RIAD N. EL RAYYES). London, Riad El Rayyes Books, 1987. 712pp. £67.00.

PLANTS OF DHOFAR. By ANTHONY G. MILLER and MIRANDA MORRIS; illustrated by SUSANNA STUART‐SMITH. [Muscat,] Office of the Adviser for Conservation, 1988. xxvii, 361pp. Numerous illustrations, two end‐paper maps. £35.00. [Also published in Arabic as NABATAT ZUFAR.]

JESUITES AU PROCHE‐ORIENT: NOTICES BIOGRAPHIQUES. By HENRI JALABERT. Beirut, Dar el‐Machreq, 1987. 512pp.

FONDOS AFRICANOS Y ARABES: GUIA PROVISIONAL DE BIBLIOTECAS Y CENTROS DE DOCUMENTACION. Compiled by Departamento de Referenda, Servicio de Information Bibliográfica: Africa y Mundo Arabe. [Madrid,] Biblioteca Nacional, 1988. 32ff.

ARABIAN GOVERNMENT AND PUBLIC SERVICES 1988. Milton Keynes, Matrix, 1988. 255pp. English, 156pp. Arabic. £49.00.

GRADUATE AND UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMS AND COURSES IN MIDDLE EAST STUDIES IN THE UNITED STATES, CANADA, AND ABROAD: 1987 DIRECTORY. Tucson, Middle East Studies Association of North America, 1988. 239pp.

ZAHIDAN AND SOUTHEASTERN IRAN. Edited by LUDWIG W. ADAMEC. (Historical Gazetteer of Iran, Volume 4.) Graz, Akademische Druck‐ u. Verlagsanstalt, 1988. 481pp. Maps and diagrams. ÖS. 450.—.

MU'JAM AL‐AGHLAT AL‐LUGHAWIYYA AL‐MU'ASIRA = A DICTIONARY OF COMMON MISTAKES IN MODERN WRITTEN ARABIC. By MUHAMMAD AL‐'ADNANI. Beirut, Librairie du Liban, 1984, repr. 1986. xviii, 870pp. £25.00.

THE OFFICE DICTIONARY. QAMUS AL‐MAKTAB. Compiled by MULTI‐LINGUAL INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHERS LIMITED. Oxford, Oxford University Press, [1987?]. 207 + 201pp. £10.95.

A DICTIONARY OF DATA PROCESSING AND COMPUTER TERMS (ENGLISH‐FRENCH‐ARABIC). By E.W. HADDAD. Beirut, Librairie du Liban, 1987. 421pp. £25.00.

THE COMBINED NEW PERSIAN‐ENGLISH AND ENGLISH‐PERSIAN DICTIONARY. By ABBAS and MANOOCHEHR ARYANPUR‐KASHANI. Lexington, Mazda Publishers, 1986. 273pp. (English‐Persian); 307pp. (Persian‐English). US$ 45.00 ('Library’ ed.); US$ 36.00 ('Text’ ed.).

KARS ?L? AGIZLARI, SES B?LG?S?. By AHMET B. ERC?LASUN. Ankara, Gazi Üniversitesi, 1983. 386pp.

SUFI SYMBOLISM: THE NURBAKHSH ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SUFI TERMINOLOGY (FARHANG‐E NURBAKHSH). Vol. II: LOVE, LOVER, BELOVED, ALLUSIONS AND METAPHORS. By JAVAD NURBAKHSH. London, Khaniqahi‐Nimatullahi Publications (distributed by Routledge & Kegan Paul), 1987. 193pp.

ARMENIAN ILLUMINATED GOSPEL‐BOOKS. By V. NERSESSIAN. London, The British Library, 1987. xi, 100pp. Ill., map. £14.95.

KUNST FRA ISLAMS VERDEN, 8. TIL 18. ÅRHUNDREDE. (Louisiana Revy, 27iii.) Humlebcek, Louisiana Museum, 1987. 115pp., 198 b/w plates, 76 colour plates. DKr. 60.‐.

METALWORK OF THE ISLAMIC WORLD: THE ARON COLLECTION. By JAMES W. ALLAN. London, Sotheby's, 1986. 168pp., numerous illustrations, 57 line drawings. £45.00.

ISTANBUL: A GLIMPSE INTO THE PAST. By EKMELEDD?N ?HSANOGLU. Istanbul, Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture, 1987. 103pp. 43 illustrations. US$ 20.—.     

Infanticide

The 1922 and 1938 Infanticide Acts ameliorated the judicial process with regard to women who kill their babies. It allowed both a charge other than murder and a less severe disposal than would be normally warranted by the offence, in cases where there was a mental imbalance attributable to the birth. It is shown that in recent years convictions for infanticide have been falling, and that this is true even when the decreasing birth rate is taken into account. This finding is discussed in the context of all infant homicides where the principal suspect is the mother. An examination of recent legislative proposals demonstrates the illogicality pertaining to the offence of infanticide and it is noted that there is no explanation given as to why mental disturbance related to childbirth should have different legal consequences from mental disturbance brought about by any other cause.The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and are not to be construed as necessarily reflecting the views of the Department of Health & Social Security or of the Home Office. We would like to thank the Home Office Statistical Department for their much valued help in providing the statistics of homicide victims.     

Measuring Perceptions of Economic Inequality and Justice: An Empirical Assessment

Social Justice Research - How should we measure people’s perceptions of—and attitudes about—economic inequality? A recent literature seeks to quantify the level of...     

Patterns of precursor behaviors in the life span of a U.S. environmental terrorist group

Research Summary
This article discusses the paucity of data available for assessing the "life span" of a terrorist group. It introduces a new methodology that allows researchers to examine when terrorist groups perform their preincident activities. The findings suggest that differences exist in the temporal patterns of terrorist groups: environmental terrorist groups engage in a relatively short planning cycle compared with right-wing and international terrorists. The article concludes by examining a case study on "the Family," which is a unique environmental terrorist group that conducted activities over a relatively long period of time. This group provides an interesting contrast to other environmental terrorists. Despite significant organizational differences, their patterns of preparatory conduct were highly similar.
Policy Implications
The findings suggest that (1) temporal and spatial data about preincident terrorist activity can be collected from unclassified and open sources and (2) law-enforcement agencies that are investigating environmental groups have relatively little time to observe and infiltrate their individual cells (compared with right-wing and international terrorists). Finally, the data suggest that environmental terrorists—at least so far—have engaged in attacks that are less deadly than the comparison groups.     

Computer‐aided Dental Identification: An Objective Method for Assessment of Radiographic Image Similarity*

Abstract: A pilot study evaluated a computer‐based method for comparing digital dental images, utilizing a registration algorithm to correct for variations in projection geometry between images prior to a subtraction analysis. A numerical assessment of similarity was generated for pairs of images. Using well‐controlled laboratory settings, the method was evaluated as to its ability to identify the correct specimen with positive results. A subsequent clinical study examined longitudinal radiographic examinations of selected anatomical areas on 47 patients, analyzing the computer‐based method in making the correct identification based upon a threshold level of similarity. The results showed that at a threshold of 0.855, there were two false negative and two false positive identifications out of 957 analyses. Based on these initial findings, 25 dental records having two sets of full mouth series of radiographs were selected. The radiographs were digitized and grouped into six anatomical regions. The more recent set of films served as postmortem images. Each postmortem image was analyzed against all other images within the region. Images were registered to correct for differences in projection geometry prior to analysis. An area of interest was selected to assess image similarity. Analysis of variance was used to determine that there was a significant difference between images from the same individual and those from different individuals. Results showed that the threshold level of concordance will vary with the anatomical region of the mouth examined. This method may provide the most objective and reliable method for postmortem dental identification using intra‐oral images.     

A Failure to Find Empirical Support for the Homology Assumption in Criminal Profiling

A fundamental assumption in criminal profiling is that criminals who exhibit similar crime scene actions have similar background characteristics. We tested this so-called homology assumption by first classifying, with pre-existing typologies, a sample of arsons (N = 87) and robberies (N = 177) into different crime types and then comparing the background characteristics of criminals who committed the various crime types. Results showed that using pre-existing typologies to classify the crimes into mutually exclusive types was not easily accomplished. Notwithstanding classification difficulties, the homology assumption was violated in 56% of the comparisons of background characteristics between the different arson types and in 67% of the comparisons of background characteristics between the different robbery types. Overall, 73% of the effect sizes for the associations between crime type and background characteristics were low to moderate (V < .3; d < .2). The implications of these findings for profiling practices are discussed.

Of ‘witch's brews’ and scholarly communities: the dangers and promise of academic parrhesia

In a series of lectures in the early 1980s, Michel Foucault resurrected the Greek word for frankness or truth-telling—‘parrhesia’—to investigate the inter-relationships and tensions that existed between freedom, truth-telling and political power. He concluded that in order for one to ‘tell the truth’ against a powerful superior, one needs the courage to oppose a community of which the parrhesiastes (‘truth teller’) is a member. This paper uses parrhesia to investigate the practice of the international relations (IR) scholar in speaking out against his or her scholarly community. Tony Smith's 2007 book Pact with the devil is used as an example of academic-intellectual parrhesia not only to illustrate the content of a potential form of parrhesia, but to demonstrate the challenges IR scholars who wish to practise academic parrhesia face in criticizing members of their academic community. Smith's critique of democratic peace theory specifically, and liberal IR theory more generally, is particularly noteworthy considering Smith's former position as a leading liberal proponent. The paper reviews, and then supplements and extends, Smith's critique of democratic peace theory.     

The development and initial validation of the dating attitudes inventory: a measure of the gender context of dating violence in men

The development and initial psychometric investigation of the Dating Attitudes Inventory (DAI) is reported. The DAI was created, to fill a gap in the literature and to measure specific masculine ideology and traditional gender attitudes that rationalize the abuse of women. Using a sample (n = 164) of male college students, a 20-item measure was developed consisting of two subscales (Rationalization of Abuse and Dominance and Control) and a total score. The 20-item DAI and other measures used for validation were completed by 216 male college students. The DAI correlated in theoretically expected ways with measures of propensity for abusiveness, relational dominance, and masculine gender role stress. A confirmatory factor analysis supported the two theorized factors of the DAI. Results of the present study offer initial support for the validity and reliability of the DAI. The authors discuss the importance of measuring masculine gender role attitudes and beliefs that support and rationalize dating violence.