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191.
Many studies suggest that mixed‐member electoral systems produce different attitudes and behaviors among representatives. This article assesses how this type of electoral system shapes Bolivian legislators' perceptions of their roles as representatives, their district activities, and their relationships with their political parties. It examines these dimensions using elite survey data and interviews with legislators and their personal assistants. The results show that the electoral system does not produce a uniform impact. It shapes how legislators perceive their role as representatives and the nature of the relationship they build with their political parties, but it does not produce differences in the kinds of activities that both types of legislators carry out in their districts. 相似文献
192.
193.
Tatiana Basáñez Michael T. Warren William D. Crano Jennifer B. Unger 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2014,43(8):1266-1280
Understanding psychosocial factors that affect the academic achievement of Hispanic adolescents remains a nationwide priority in the United States. Extending previous studies of the stressful effects of perceived discrimination, this year-long longitudinal study examined the correlates of perceived ethnic in-group rejection, coping strategies and fatalistic beliefs, on depressive symptoms, grades, and college aspirations of 2,214 Hispanic adolescents (54 % female) in Southern California. Based on the transactional model of stress and coping and on self-perception theory, structural equation models revealed that high perceived intragroup rejection (10th grade) and low levels of active coping (11th grade) were associated with depressive symptoms in 11th grade. Also, depressive symptoms partially mediated the link between intragroup rejection and both academic outcomes. Avoidant coping strategies (e.g., watching TV) also predicted depressive symptoms and were positively related to fatalism. In addition, fatalism was negatively related to grades and aspiration to attend college. The findings suggest the need to help adolescents find adequate outlets for communication and to create awareness about the potential effects of intragroup rejection. 相似文献
194.
Analyses of social capital and immigration have stressed the negative impact that culturally diverse societies have for the development of social trust. Ethnic heterogeneity, according to these studies, is associated with lower levels of social trust. However, social trust has not been studied as an independent variable in order to explain attitudes towards immigration. This article argues that societies with high levels of social capital facilitate the integration of immigrants because those members with high levels of social trust will tend to have more positive attitudes towards immigration. This hypothesis is empirically tested in a cross-country multi-level empirical analysis for sixteen European countries, drawing on the 2002–3 European Social Survey. This analysis shows that, regardless of the impact of other individual-level variables and contextual variables such as levels of unemployment or percentage of foreign population, those with high social capital do exhibit more positive attitudes towards immigration than the rest of the population. 相似文献
195.
Francisco Panizza B. Guy Peters Conrado R. Ramos Larraburu 《Public administration》2019,97(1):147-161
This article contributes to the study of the politics of patronage appointments by creating a typology of patronage roles based on the nature of trust between patrons and appointees and on the skills patrons seek in appointees. Our classification brings together the dispersed literature on patronage roles and can be applied to the study of modalities of patronage across and within countries. We offer preliminary evidence from our study of the politics of patronage appointments in Latin America suggesting that variations in patronage roles can be related to variations in the institutionalization of party systems and to the nature of the links between political actors and voters. Finally, we explore whether the categories identified in our empirical study can be found in other settings. We conclude that our typology can contribute to the study of the impact of modalities of patronage on the quality of public administration and on political governability. 相似文献
196.
Maldonado Luis Olivos Francisco Castillo Juan Carlos Atria Jorge Azar Ariel 《Social Justice Research》2019,32(3):349-383
Social Justice Research - In this article, we explore the associations of people’s valuations of universal healthcare with risk exposure and humanitarianism across diverse institutional... 相似文献
197.
Money laundering regulations have become stricter over time and involve more and more actors. This means that the accountability
of laundering regulation will become more important; theoretically, money laundering should have decreased with the implementation
of new regulations. However, as this paper shows, it is difficult to estimate even the sign of the trend in the proceeds of
crime and of laundering over time with particular reference to the drug trade. There seems to be a substitution from hard
to softer drugs, and no substantial decline in the proceeds of crime and likewise no substantial decline in money laundering.
Criminals seem to switch from the more controlled banking sector into still less controlled parts of financial markets, and
from financial markets to other sectors. These new sectors include electronic payments, trade and real estate. The paper shows
how one can empirically approach the latter two by using economic information of unusual prices and other characteristics
in order to identify the amount of laundering in these sectors. Combining economic information with criminological data facilitates
the development of a new tool for identifying money laundering in some important sectors. 相似文献
198.
M. Delia Gutiérrez Melba D. García Nicolás Foucrás Francisco J. Osorio Nallely A. Carbajal-Morón 《Development in Practice》2016,26(6):731-749
This article reports on an indicator model to assess sustainability at the community level that was developed by an interdisciplinary work group. We applied this model in a case study of the Mixteca region in Oaxaca, Mexico, and provided a tool guide to measure the effectiveness of community-based actions. Two innovative aspects are presented: an iterative process with the community to develop a locally appropriate set of indicators drawn from the literature, and a baseline diagnostic assessment of the community’s performance on these indicators. This assessment may serve as a basis for future research and community-driven projects. 相似文献
199.
Francisco Little 《北京周报(英文版)》2018,61(38)
正If you’re going to express your love for someone special in your life, doing it beneath the light of a full moon is guaranteed to place you at the top of the romance spectrum.In China, during the Mid-Autumn Festival,the moon is the guest of honor and along with connecting hearts, it ushers in the nation’s insatiable desire for the most delicious confectionery in the East:the mooncake. 相似文献
200.
Campaign finance regulation is an important issue for democracies. Proponents of stricter contribution limits believe it will improve competitiveness. Opponents argue that contribution caps are just a mask for incumbency protection. This paper comments on John Lott’s 2006 article in “Campaign Finance Reform and Electoral Competition” in Public Choice. 相似文献