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101.
Cris E. Hughes Ph.D. Beatrix Dudzik Ph.D. Bridget F.B. Algee‐Hewitt Ph.D. Ansley Jones B.A. Bruce E. Anderson Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(2):353-366
Assigning correct population affinity to a skeleton can contribute important information to an investigation—yet recent work highlights high error rates when classifying Latinos with a traditional tool, Fordisc 3.1 (FD3). Our study examines whether misclassification trends exist, and whether these can be used to infer population affinity. We examine the relationships among ancestry, geography, and FD3 misclassifications of Latinos using canonical variate analysis and unsupervised model‐based clustering of craniometrics. Northern Mexicans appear more strongly associated with FD3 references samples with elevated amounts of European ancestry (e.g., American Blacks and Whites), while Southern Mexicans are more strongly associated with FD3 reference samples with reduced amounts of European ancestry (e.g., Guatemalans and Native Americans). FD3 classifications revealed that Latinos exhibited lower posterior probabilities when compared to other common case demographics (Whites and African Americas), even when the classification was “correct.” We make recommendations for practitioner interpretation of FD3 reports for casework. 相似文献
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Jacob R. Werner V.M.D. Mary J. Kennett D.V.M. Ph.D. David M. Jenkins Ph.D. Edward Liszka II M.D. Edward L. Hughes M.A. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(2):446-453
The abundance of, and reliance upon, human electro‐muscular incapacitation (HEMI) devices, especially in law enforcement, has generated scrutiny and examination of these technologies. The purpose of this study was to examine cardiovascular effects resulting from typical (5 sec) and longer activation (20 sec) HEMI applications studying myocardial function and peripheral vascular system using a combination of invasive cardiovascular catheters and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Six healthy swine (Sus scrofa) 3–5 months in age and weighing between 60 and 86 kg were anesthetized and exposed to the TASER Model X26 waveform while transesophageal echocardiography was performed. Stroke volume was shown to statistically decrease during HEMI application indicating an increase in systemic vascular resistance, but HEMI application did not result in myocardial dysfunction (“cardiac stunning”). 相似文献
103.
Development and Assessment of Postcranial Sex Estimation Methods for a Guatemalan Population
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This study tests whether postcranial sex estimation methods generated from Hispanic, and mainly Mexican samples, can be successfully applied to other increasingly common migrant populations from Central America. We use a sample of postcranial data from a modern (1980s) Guatemalan Maya sample (n = 219). Results indicate a decrease in classification accuracies for previously established univariate methods when applied to the Guatemalan study sample, specifically for males whose accuracies ranged from 30 to 84%. This bias toward inaccuracies for Guatemalan males is associated with the smaller skeletal sizes for the Guatemalan sample as compared to the samples used in the tested sex estimation methods. In contrast, the tested multivariate discriminant function classification yielded less sex bias and improved classification accuracies ranging from 82 to 89%. Our results highlight which of the tested univariate and multivariate methods reach acceptable levels for accuracy for sex estimation of cases where the region of origin may include Guatemala. 相似文献
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Diane Hughes Carolin Hagelskamp Niobe Way Monica D. Foust 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(5):605-626
The current study examined relationships between adolescents’ and mothers’ reports of ethnic-racial socialization and adolescents’
ethnic-racial identity. The sample included 170 sixth graders (49% boys, 51% girls) and their mothers, all of whom identified
as Black, Puerto Rican, Dominican, or Chinese. Two dimensions of ethnic-racial socialization (cultural socialization and preparation
for bias) were evaluated alongside three dimensions of ethnic-racial identity (exploration, affirmation and belonging, and
behavioral engagement). Mothers’ reports of their cultural socialization predicted adolescents’ reports, but only adolescents’
reports predicted adolescents’ ethnic-racial identity processes. Mothers’ reports of preparation for bias predicted boys’
but not girls’ reports of preparation for bias. Again, only adolescents’ reports of preparation for bias predicted their ethnic-racial
identity. Thus, several gender differences in relationships emerged, with mothers’ and adolescents’ perceptions of cultural
socialization, in particular, playing a more important role in girls’ than in boys’ identity processes. We discuss the implications
of these findings for future research.
Diane Hughes is Professor of Applied Psychology in the Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development at New York University. There, she is co-director of the doctoral training program in Psychology and Social Intervention and of the Center for Research on Culture, Development, and Education. She received her B.A. from Williams College and her Ph.D. from the University of Michigan in Community and Developmental Psychology. Her research focuses on ecological influences on parenting and socialization processes among ethnic minority families. She has authored numerous articles and special journal issues devoted to identifying cultural knowledge and the use of culturally anchored methods, and has studied issues of special relevance to ethnic minority populations including racial discrimination and ethnic-racial socialization. She is currently co-chair of the cross-university study group on race, culture and ethnicity. Her research has been funded by the National Science Foundation, The National Institutes of Mental Health, the William T. Grant Foundation, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, and the Carnegie Corporation. Carolin Hagelskamp is a doctoral student in Community Psychology at New York University’s Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. She received a B.Sc from the University of Kent at Canterbury (UK), and a M.Sc from the London School of Economics and Political Sciences. She has been a senior Research Assistant at the Center for Research on Culture, Development, and Education since 2003. Her research interests are the relationships between maternal work-family experiences, adolescent development and ethnic-racial socialization across ethnically diverse urban families. Niobe Way is Professor of Applied Psychology in the Department of Applied Psychology at New York University. She is also the Director of the Developmental Psychology program and the co-director of the Center for Research on Culture, Development, and Education at NYU. She received her doctorate from the School of Education at Harvard University in Human Development and Psychology and was an NIMH postdoctoral fellow in the psychology department at Yale University. Way’s research focuses on the intersections of culture, context, and human development, with a particular focus on the social and emotional development of adolescents from low-income families. She is primarily interested in how schools and families as well as larger political and economic contexts influence the developmental trajectories of children and adolescents. Her work also focuses on adolescents’ experiences of social identities, including both their gender and ethnic identities. Way is a nationally recognized leader in the use of mixed methods; she has combined quantitative and qualitative methods to examine developmental processes during adolescence for over two decades. Way is the author of numerous books and journal articles. Her sole authored books include: “Everyday Courage: The Lives and Stories of Urban Teenagers” (NYU Press, 1998); and “Friendship among Adolescent Boys” (to be published by Harvard University Press). Her co-edited or co-authored books include: “Urban Girls: Resisting Stereotypes, Creating Identities” (NYU press, 1996); “Adolescent Boys: Exploring Diverse Cultures of Boyhood” (NYU Press, 2004), and “Growing up Fast: Transitions to Adulthood among Inner City Adolescent Mothers” (Erlbaum Press, 2001)”. The latter co-authored book (with Bonnie Leadbeater) received the Best Book Award from the Society of Research on Adolescence (2002). Her current projects focus on the influence of families and schools on the trajectories of social and emotional development among middle school students in New York City and in Nanjing, China. Her research has been funded by the National Institute of Mental Health, The National Science Foundation, The William T. Grant Foundation, The Spencer Foundation, and by numerous other smaller foundations. Monica D. Foust received her M.A. degree in Psychology from the Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development and is currently a doctoral student in Developmental Psychology at University of Michigan. Her research interests are in ethnic-racial identity development and in sexual identity development. 相似文献
Diane HughesEmail: |
Diane Hughes is Professor of Applied Psychology in the Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development at New York University. There, she is co-director of the doctoral training program in Psychology and Social Intervention and of the Center for Research on Culture, Development, and Education. She received her B.A. from Williams College and her Ph.D. from the University of Michigan in Community and Developmental Psychology. Her research focuses on ecological influences on parenting and socialization processes among ethnic minority families. She has authored numerous articles and special journal issues devoted to identifying cultural knowledge and the use of culturally anchored methods, and has studied issues of special relevance to ethnic minority populations including racial discrimination and ethnic-racial socialization. She is currently co-chair of the cross-university study group on race, culture and ethnicity. Her research has been funded by the National Science Foundation, The National Institutes of Mental Health, the William T. Grant Foundation, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, and the Carnegie Corporation. Carolin Hagelskamp is a doctoral student in Community Psychology at New York University’s Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. She received a B.Sc from the University of Kent at Canterbury (UK), and a M.Sc from the London School of Economics and Political Sciences. She has been a senior Research Assistant at the Center for Research on Culture, Development, and Education since 2003. Her research interests are the relationships between maternal work-family experiences, adolescent development and ethnic-racial socialization across ethnically diverse urban families. Niobe Way is Professor of Applied Psychology in the Department of Applied Psychology at New York University. She is also the Director of the Developmental Psychology program and the co-director of the Center for Research on Culture, Development, and Education at NYU. She received her doctorate from the School of Education at Harvard University in Human Development and Psychology and was an NIMH postdoctoral fellow in the psychology department at Yale University. Way’s research focuses on the intersections of culture, context, and human development, with a particular focus on the social and emotional development of adolescents from low-income families. She is primarily interested in how schools and families as well as larger political and economic contexts influence the developmental trajectories of children and adolescents. Her work also focuses on adolescents’ experiences of social identities, including both their gender and ethnic identities. Way is a nationally recognized leader in the use of mixed methods; she has combined quantitative and qualitative methods to examine developmental processes during adolescence for over two decades. Way is the author of numerous books and journal articles. Her sole authored books include: “Everyday Courage: The Lives and Stories of Urban Teenagers” (NYU Press, 1998); and “Friendship among Adolescent Boys” (to be published by Harvard University Press). Her co-edited or co-authored books include: “Urban Girls: Resisting Stereotypes, Creating Identities” (NYU press, 1996); “Adolescent Boys: Exploring Diverse Cultures of Boyhood” (NYU Press, 2004), and “Growing up Fast: Transitions to Adulthood among Inner City Adolescent Mothers” (Erlbaum Press, 2001)”. The latter co-authored book (with Bonnie Leadbeater) received the Best Book Award from the Society of Research on Adolescence (2002). Her current projects focus on the influence of families and schools on the trajectories of social and emotional development among middle school students in New York City and in Nanjing, China. Her research has been funded by the National Institute of Mental Health, The National Science Foundation, The William T. Grant Foundation, The Spencer Foundation, and by numerous other smaller foundations. Monica D. Foust received her M.A. degree in Psychology from the Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development and is currently a doctoral student in Developmental Psychology at University of Michigan. Her research interests are in ethnic-racial identity development and in sexual identity development. 相似文献
106.
Sarah S. Dermody Michael P. Marshal JeeWon Cheong Chad Burton Tonda Hughes Frances Aranda Mark S. Friedman 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2014,43(1):30-39
Sexual minority (lesbian and gay, bisexual, mostly heterosexual) individuals are at an increased risk for hazardous drinking than heterosexual individuals, but little is known about the nature of the disparities as adolescents reach adulthood. We used four waves of a nationally representative data set, the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), to examine disparities of hazardous drinking outcomes between sexual minority and heterosexual men and women from adolescence to young adulthood. Participants were 14–18 years old at the first assessment (N = 12,379; 53 % female) and 27–31 years old at the fourth assessment. At the fourth assessment, 13 % self-identified as sexual minority individuals, 16 % were Hispanic, and 36 % were of minority race, including primarily African Americans (60 %) and Asian Americans (18 %). There were clear hazardous drinking disparities between sexual minority individuals and heterosexual individuals over time. During adolescence, sexual minority individuals, particularly females, reported higher levels of hazardous drinking. As study participants reached adulthood, the magnitude of the hazardous drinking disparities increased among sexual minorities, sexual minority men in particular. Additional research is needed to better understand the developmental mechanisms that underlie the emerging sexual orientation related disparities of hazardous drinking in young adulthood. 相似文献
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