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161.
Two cases of vehicle-assisted suicides are described in males aged 33 and 24 years, respectively. In both cases the victims had tied ropes between stationary objects and their necks and then attempted to drive their vehicles away. The speed with which the vehicles were driven resulted in forces great enough to cause fracture--dislocation of the cervical spine in Case 1 and virtual decapitation in Case 2. Although inadvertent alteration of the death scene in Case 1, with removal of the rope, complicated the initial assessment, the extent of soft tissue and bony injuries was such that ligature strangulation appeared unlikely. 相似文献
162.
Byard RW Klitte A Gilbert JD James RA 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》2002,23(1):15-18
The files of the Forensic Science Center in Adelaide, South Australia, were examined for all cases listed as suicide in which death had been caused by the use of a sharp instrument during the 20-year period from January 1981 to December 2000. Fifty-one cases were identified, consisting of 35 men and 16 women. The age range was 23 to 83 years (mean 49 years) representing 1.6% of total suicides (513182). Fatal injuries included incised wounds to the arms in 51.4% of men (n = 1835) compared with 87.5% of women (n = 1416), incised and stab wounds to the neck in 40% of men (n = 1435) and 25% of women (n = 416), and stab wounds to the chest or abdomen in 28.6% of men (n = 1035) and 12.5% of women (n = 216). In 8 cases, multiple sites were involved. The use of sharp instruments in suicide was favored by older, rather than younger, individuals, with a tendency for women to incise their wrists. Hesitation marks were present in 23 cases (54%) and scarring of the wrists from previous suicide attempts in 5 cases. Although this study demonstrated a higher number of men than women committing suicide by using sharp objects, this method of suicide remains uncommon. 相似文献
163.
A coroner's autopsy conducted on an 11.5-year-old girl, with a history of hypopituitarism, manifesting as growth hormone deficiency associated with short stature, demonstrated the presence of an undiagnosed hypothalamic intracranial germinoma, showing hypophyseal and mesencephalic invasion, together with histological evidence of microvascular (small coronary artery) disease of the heart. The substantive, or primary, cause of her sudden death was clearly the intracranial germinoma, which was acutely haemorrhagic and necrotic. However, it is postulated that there might be an, as yet, undescribed association between this malignancy and the pathogenesis of the coronary microvascular disease; the latter being deemed, in this instance, to be a contributory cause of death. 相似文献
164.
Forgiveness is a key concept in many governance and responsive regulation issues. The notion of intergroup forgiveness was examined among people from four countries: Angola, Guinea‐Bissau, Mozambique, and East Timor. Nine hundred and eighty‐five adults who had suffered from the many conflicts in their areas, either personally or through injuries inflicted on members of their family, agreed to participate in a study that was specifically about seeking intergroup forgiveness. In all four countries, most participants of the study agreed with the ideas that (i) seeking intergroup forgiveness makes sense; (ii) the seeking process must be a popular, democratic, and public process, not a secret elite negotiation; (iii) the process must be initiated and conducted by people in charge politically, not by dissident factions; and (iv) the process is aimed at reconciliation, not at humiliating the group requesting forgiveness. Differences between the four countries were found regarding the extent to which (i) international organizations may be involved in the process; (ii) the demand must include the former perpetrators; and (iii) emotions and material compensation are ingredients in the process. 相似文献
165.
166.
167.
Henry N. Pontell Daniel Granite Constance Keenan Gilbert Geis 《Journal of criminal justice》1985,13(1):1-13
The views of 105 police chiefs throughout the United States were obtained in regard to their ranking of the seriousness of 60 criminal offenses. Responses indicated that the chiefs see most crimes very much in the same light as do citizens surveyed by Rossi et al. (1974) in Baltimore a decade ago. There also is considerable consensus among chiefs throughout the country in their views about seriousness. Variations between the present findings and those of similar studies of other populations are also set forth. 相似文献
168.
Griffin Kenneth W. Epstein Jennifer A. Botvin Gilbert J. Spoth Richard L. 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2001,30(4):485-498
The present study examined the mechanisms by which social competence may be associated with substance use during early adolescence. The sample consisted of rural youth (N = 1,568) attending 36 junior high schools in a midwestern state. Structural equation modeling indicated that social competence had a direct protective association with substance use in that those youth who were more socially confident, assertive, and had better communication skills reported less smoking and drinking. Further analyses revealed that the relationship between social competence and substance use was fully mediated by social benefit expectancies of use. These findings suggest that poorly competent youth turn to smoking and alcohol use because they perceive that there are important social benefits to doing so, such as having more friends, looking grown up and cool, and having more fun. Prevention programs that teach youth interpersonal skills may reduce the initiation of substance use by improving social competence and providing youth with more adaptive means of gaining approval from peers. 相似文献
169.
Cristian Palmiere M.D. Coraline Egger M.D. Guy Prod'Hom M.D. Gilbert Greub M.D. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2016,61(2):367-374
The diagnostic value of postmortem bacteriology has been discussed controversially for decades. In the study herein, contamination during sampling procedures and postmortem translocation were investigated to interpret postmortem microbiology results. One hundred medicolegal autopsy cases in total were included. Radiology, histology, bacteriology, and biochemistry were performed in all cases. Based on all investigation findings, 4 groups of cases were identified: death unrelated to infection, true infections, false positive (contamination during sampling procedures, postmortem translocation and mixed situations), and undetermined. The results of this study indicate that postmortem bacteriology provides useful data supporting infection‐related deaths, especially when potentially significant observations are accompanied by consistent autopsy, histology, and biochemistry. Result interpretation requires careful evaluation of number and type of isolated microorganisms. 相似文献
170.