Loose‐Lipped Mobile Device Intelligent Personal Assistants: A Discussion of Information Gleaned from Siri on Locked iOS Devices

The forensic analysis of mobile handsets is becoming a more prominent factor in many criminal investigations. Despite such devices frequently storing relevant evidential content to support an investigation, accessing this information is becoming an increasingly difficult task due to enhanced effective security features. Where access to a device's resident data is not possible via traditional mobile forensic methods, in some cases it may still be possible to extract user information via queries made to an installed intelligent personal assistant. This article presents an evaluation of the information which is retrievable from Apple's Siri when interacted with on a locked iOS device running iOS 11.2.5 (the latest at the time of testing). The testing of verbal commands designed to elicit a response from Siri demonstrate the ability to recover call log, SMS, Contacts, Apple Maps, Calendar, and device information which may support any further investigation.     

“I couldn't find it your honour,it mustn't be there!” – Tool errors,tool limitations and user error in digital forensics

The field of digital forensics maintains significant reliance on the software it uses to acquire and investigate forms of digital evidence. Without these tools, analysis of digital devices would often not be possible. Despite such levels of reliance, techniques for validating digital forensic software are sparse and research is limited in both volume and depth. As practitioners pursue the goal of producing robust evidence, they face the onerous task of both ensuring the accuracy of their tools and, their effective use. Whilst tool errors provide one issue, establishing a tool's limitations also provides an investigatory challenge leading the potential for practitioner user-error and ultimately a grey area of accountability. This article debates the problems surrounding digital forensic tool usage, evidential reliability and validation.     

行政诉讼中确认无效之诉的问题探讨

确认无效之诉是我国行政诉讼制度中独立的诉讼类型,其与撤销之诉在诉讼类型上的转换与合并,有利于实现当事人权利的救济保障和诉讼经济.借鉴域外理论和司法制度,确立无效行政行为的具体识别标准,便于形成共识和司法实务的操作.对行政行为宣告无效的后果,审慎进行利益衡量区别对待.基于现行法律规定、法理念及权利救济实效性的考量,无效之诉应受起诉期限的限制.     

公务员培训课题设置刍议

培训课程设置是公务员培训工作的重要环节,课程设置的任务是构建培训课程的内容和结构。它是基于对两种不同层次的课程设置的决策。培训课程设置受社会生产力发展水平、教育方针、培训政策以及历史文化传统等因素的制约和影响。培训课程设置的开发是一个周而复始的过程,其体现了强化课程设置开发全过程与培训教育外部系统的关系。     

Child witness statement quality

Use of general questions in child witness interviews often limits the completeness of young children's recall. In this study experienced professionals interviewed 5–6 year olds and 8–9 year olds “as they would normally” about live events witnessed by the children. Interviewers' spontaneous use of general and specific questions was assessed, as were the effects of these question types on the children's recall. A main result was that the younger children would frequently fail to answer general questions but would then provide information relevant to these same questions later in the interview. Use of specific questions in these relatively naturalistic interviews did not necessarily improve the overall completeness of younger children's recall, contrary to some previous findings, although, in line with previous findings, such questioning reduced overall accuracy rates. These results highlighted the scale of the problem of “omission errors” in young children's recall. Implications for the use of general questions by professionals who interview child witnesses are discussed.