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991.
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Gisela von Mühlenbrock 《Crime, Law and Social Change》1996,25(4):335-351
Corruption in the judiciary and its effects on the budget of that branch of government, the efficiency of justice (prompt or belated) and its quality (biased or impartial) are analyzed. The discretionary powers of the Supreme Court and those granted to judges to manage their courts, calendar and case load, and the hierarchical administrative structures of judiciaries, which function as a queueing system, may be used as a tool to maximize graft. These phenomena reveal links between institutional forms and incentives. Using the case of Chile and the exceptional emergence of corruption within the judiciary during the military dictatorship, the role of democracy as a punishing and preventive mechanism is highlighted.This article was written while the author was a Senior Fellow at the Orville Schell, Center for International Human Rights Law at Yale Law School, and under the auspices of the North-South Center of the University of Miami. 相似文献
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995.
David H. Bearce 《国际研究季刊》2003,47(3):347-370
While the commercial institutional peace research program provides empirical evidence that international institutions, especially preferential trade arrangements, help reduce the incidence of militarized inter-state conflict, it fails to delineate clearly how such institutions matter. Building from the logic that low opportunity costs for fighting, private information, and commitment problems constitute important causes of war, this article explores three interrelated causal mechanisms. First, the state leaders' increased expectations about future commerce create an incentive for these actors to consider peaceful bargains as an alternative to costly war. Second, security coordination under the umbrella of a commercial institution provides fuller information about state military capabilities, thus making inter-state bargaining for dispute resolution more efficient. Third, in bringing together high-level state leaders on a regular basis, commercial institutions may create the trust necessary to overcome commitment problems in inter-state bargaining. I explore how these mechanisms have operated within the Gulf Cooperation Council and the Economic Community of West African States. 相似文献
996.
Various explanations have been proposed to explain the motivation of serial killers. This article proposes that the theory
of the Catathymic Crisis is an explanation that adds light to the “serial” nature of serial murder as well as an explanation
of why and how a person can become a serial killer. The theory of Catathymic Crisis was presented in 1937 by Dr. Frederic
Wertham as an explanation for some types violent and seemingly motivationless crimes. Dr. Wertham's theory describes a five
stage process in which (1) a thinking disorder occurs within the mind of the criminal, (2) a plan is created to commit a violent
criminal act, (3) internal emotional tension forces the commission of the criminal act, which leads to (4) a superficial calmness
in which the need to commit the violent act is eliminated and normal activity can be conducted and (5) the mind adjusts itself
and understands that the thinking process that caused the commission of the criminal act was flawed and the mind makes adjustments
in order to prevent further criminal activity. The serial killer never reaches the fifth stage but returns to the second and
operates in a cycle between stage two and four. This article advocates that the Catathymic Crisis explains why the serial
killer needs to commit murder, why that need develops and why there is an escalating nature of the criminal activity by the
serial killer. 相似文献
997.
Susanne Lütz 《Politische Vierteljahresschrift》2003,44(2):231-243
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
998.
This paper examines the psychological dynamics of the Group-Value Model for a behavioral orientation which has seldom been considered in the social justice literature: acceptance and support for change. A field study was conducted, with 176 participants members of an organization which was undergoing a change process. Participants were asked (a) to think of a specific relevant conflict situation with their supervisor; (b) to evaluate supervisor's behavior in that situation, with respect to relational and distributive justice; (c) to state the justice aspects most valued in conflict situations with their supervisor. A test of the model was conducted through a mediation analysis. According to the Group-Value Model (GVM), respect experienced within the group and pride in the group were mediating variables between justice judgements and orientation toward acceptance and support for change in the organization. Interactional and procedural aspects (relational judgements) were the only ones to predict pride, respect, and behavioral orientation, and were also the ones most valued in general conflict situations with the supervisor. The model was also tested at three different levels of analysis: organization as a whole, department, and work group. This confirmed pride and respect within the group as mediating variables between relational justice judgements and orientation toward acceptance and support for change at the department and workgroup levels. 相似文献
999.
Professor Dr. Rüdiger Breuer 《Natur und Recht》2006,28(10):614-623
Das Hochwasserschutzgesetz vom 3.5.2005 (BGBl. I S. 1224) reagiert auf die Erfahrungen mit katastrophalen Hochwasserereignissen.
Es sucht der Verbauung gew?ssernaher Fl?chen entgegenzuwirken, den Flüssen Rückhaltefl?chen zurückzugeben und Schadenspotentiale
zu mindern. Den Schwerpunkt des Gesetzes bilden die §§ 31a–32 Wasserhaushaltsgesetz (WHG). Deren wasserrechtliche Instrumente
schneiden tief in das Bauplanungsrecht ein. Dies gilt vor allem für die neuen überschwemmungsgebiete mit speziellen Nutzungsregelungen,
dem grunds?tzlichen Verbot der Ausweisung neuer Baugebiete und dem neuen Genehmigungsvorbehalt für bauliche Anlagen (§ 31b
WHG). Die L?nder müssen die bundesrechtlichen Regelungen bis zum 10.5.2007 ausfüllen und überschwemmungsgebiete neuen Rechts
bis zum 10.5.2012, in Gebieten mit hohem Schadenspotential bis zum 10.5.2010, festsetzen. Erschwerend wirkt sich aus, dass
das Hochwasserschutzgesetz an zahlreichen Zweifelsfragen leidet. 相似文献
1000.