Dog saliva transmitted pathogens as etiology of fatal infections (on the topic of causal relationship)

The authors report on 4 deaths. 3 of the victims had been bitten by dogs shortly before death; in one case the victim had close contacts with a dog. In 3 of the cases death was caused by septicemia; microorganisms occurring in the saliva of dogs, but rarely causing infection could be determined in 2 of the cases. While in case 1 there was no bite injury so that transmission must have occurred by droplet infection (without trauma) or via a discrete skin lesion, case 2 showed a penetrating dog-bite injury; in both cases the spleen had been surgically removed some years before. In case 3 a causal relationship had to be assumed between a dog bite and death, although no pathogen could be identified in microbiological tests. In case 4 death was not attributable to the dog-bite injury suffered, but was due to an internal pathological cause.     

Tongue bite injuries--a diagnostic criterium for death in epileptic seizure?

Bite marks of the tongue are often associated with epileptic seizures, although information about the real frequency of bite marks of the tongue is hard to find. This is also true for their presence in deaths of epileptics or in deaths in general. The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the frequency of bite marks of the tongue in deaths of epileptics in comparison to a control group. Further points of interest were the spectrum of the causes of death recorded, toxicological data as well as the presence and localization of external head injuries. The study group consisted of 105 individuals with a known history of epilepsy, the control group of 107 individuals with sudden cardiac death. Autopsy reports were analyzed retrospectively. In the first group bite marks of the tongue were seen in 21% (in the subgroup "observed death during seizure" even in 64%) and were thus significantly more frequent than in the control group (2%). In 35 cases of the study material an unnatural manner of death was found (trauma, especially craniocerebral trauma, drowning, asphyxia, intoxication) and in 70 cases a natural death was assumed. However, in 41 of these the exact cause of death was not ascertainable. According to the SUDEP criteria (Ficker 2000, Nilsson 1999) 29 of these cases could be categorized as possible or probable SUDEP (sudden unexpected death in epilepsy) with 17 showing bite marks of the tongue. The fact that half of the remaining 12 cases showed bite marks of the tongue suggests at least for these cases that death occurred during the seizure. Head injuries were reported in 41% of the epilepsy group--in the subgroup "observed death during seizure" in 73%. Our investigation did not produce evidence for a higher frequency of bite marks of the tongue in cases in which resuscitation had been attempted. In our experience the presence of fresh bite marks of the tongue--according to histological findings--is a useful signs for the assignment of death to an epileptic seizure and especially for death during acute convulsion.     

FROM DEBRIS FIELD TO ECONOMIC POWERHOUSE

<正>The CPC offers an example in governing the economy The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)will take place on October 18.A communiqué,issued after the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee in October last year,states that the 19th CPC National Congress constitutes a crucial event in the political life of the Party and the state.     

Book Reviews: Knowledge,Innovation and Economic Growth: The Theory and Practice of Learning Regions

The Journal of Technology Transfer -     

Zivilrechtliche Gedanken zum Verlagsvertrag III

Zun?chst wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob und unter welchen Voraussetzungen einem Autor nach dem Gesetz ein Recht auf ordentliche Kündigung des Verlagsvertrages zukommt. Anschlie?end wird geprüft, wie weit durch die heute übliche Ausgestaltung der Verlagsvertr?ge, insb jener für wissenschaftliche Werke, die ordentliche Kündigung wirksam ausgeschlossen wird und welche Aufl?sungsm?glichkeiten dem Autor dann noch zur Verfügung stehen. In Betracht kommen vor allem die Kündigung aus wichtigem Grund und die Berufung auf die Nichtigkeit überlanger Bindungen.