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191.
Agonal sequences in a filmed suicidal hanging: analysis of respiratory and movement responses to asphyxia by hanging 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The forensic literature on the pathophysiology of human hanging is still limited. Therefore, forensic pathologists often feel uncomfortable when confronted with related questions. Here presented is the filmed suicidal hanging of a 37-year-old man. This recording allows a unique analysis of agonal movement sequences: loss of consciousness (13 sec), convulsions (15 sec), decortication rigidity (21 sec), decerebration rigidity (46 sec), second decortication rigidity (1 min 11 sec), loss of muscle tone, (1 min 38 sec) and last isolated muscle movement (4 min 10 sec). As for respiratory responses, very deep respiratory attempts started at 20 sec. Respiratory movements progressively decreased and completely stopped at 2 min. Despite the fact that extending the presented data on all cases of hanging asphyxia would be a mistake, this case gives a very interesting insight into movement and respiratory response to asphyxia by hanging. 相似文献
192.
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)--standardised investigations and classification: recommendations 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Bajanowski T Vege A Byard RW Krous HF Arnestad M Bachs L Banner J Blair PS Borthne A Dettmeyer R Fleming P Gaustad P Gregersen M Grøgaard J Holter E Isaksen CV Jorgensen JV de Lange C Madea B Moore I Morland J Opdal SH Råsten-Almqvist P Schlaud M Sidebotham P Skullerud K Stoltenburg-Didinger G Stray-Pedersen A Sveum L Rognum TO 《Forensic science international》2007,165(2-3):129-143
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) still accounts for considerable numbers of unexpected infant deaths in many countries. While numerous theories have been advanced to explain these events, it is increasingly clear that this group of infant deaths results from the complex interaction of a variety of heritable and idiosyncratic endogenous factors interacting with exogenous factors. This has been elegantly summarised in the "three hit" or "triple risk" model. Contradictions and lack of consistencies in the literature have arisen from diverse autopsy approaches, variable applications of diagnostic criteria and inconsistent use of definitions. An approach to sudden infant death is outlined with discussion of appropriate tissue sampling, ancillary investigations and the use of controls in research projects. Standardisation of infant death investigations with the application of uniform definitions and protocols will ensure optimal investigation of individual cases and enable international comparisons of trends. 相似文献
193.
Hoff-Olsen P Mevåg B Staalstrøm E Hovde B Egeland T Olaisen B 《Forensic science international》1999,105(3):171-183
Hyperpolymorphic short tandem repetitive DNA sequences, STRs or microsatellites, have become widely used in human identification, particularly in criminal cases and in mass disasters. In such cases the substrates for the analyses may be decomposed biological material, a fact that has to be taken into account when choosing the appropriate casework methods. In this paper we report the evaluation of five different DNA extraction methods, namely the phenol-chloroform, the silica based, the InstaGene Matrix (BioTest), the glass fiber filter, and the Chelex based methods. The substrates for the analyses are decomposed human liver tissue specimens from forensic autopsy cases. Extracted DNA was quantified and DNA profiled by a set of seven STRs. We have compared laboratory time consumption and costs of the five methods, showing that the Chelex method is the more rapid and less expensive of the methods, the phenol-chlorophorm and silica extractions being the most time consuming and resource demanding ones. A full profile was obtained by the silica method in nine out of ten cases and this method failed to give a reliable type in four out of 70 STR analyses. The phenol-chlorophorm and the glass fiber filter methods failed in 16 analyses, the InstaGene Matrix (BioTest) in 25 and the Chelex extracts in 56 of the 70 STR analyses. By multiple logistic regression we show that the difference between the silica procedure and the other methods are statistically significant. In our hands, the silica gel extraction procedure is an obvious choice when the biological material available is decomposed human tissue--even if this procedure is one of the more laborious ones. 相似文献
194.
Måns Nilsson Marc Pallemaerts Ingmar von Homeyer 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2009,9(4):337-350
Pressure is mounting for states to become better at integrating its environmental policies into sector policy, a challenge
often referred to as environmental policy integration (EPI). Policy research on EPI has grown to become a distinct and substantial
field of study at the national and EU levels, where political commitment and interest in the topic have been large. In the
study of international regimes, EPI analytical concepts have so far not been applied although the EPI quest is at least as
important and critical at this level. This special issue addresses this gap, by combining these two sets of literature and
examining various aspects of EPI in international regimes, its manifestations and its challenges. This introductory paper
introduces key conceptual discussions underlying the development of this special issue, distils and discusses some of the
key findings and messages from the four ensuing research articles and presents directions for future research. It finds that
many EPI challenges and institutional barriers are strongly accentuated at international levels of governance, but also that
similarities with the national level suggest that closer interactions between the two fields of study are warranted. At both
levels, the EPI “game” is full of inherent tensions and goal conflicts, institutional constraints abound, and cognitive interactions
and learning processes appear as key mechanisms to advance EPI. Suggestions for how to enhance EPI in international regimes
are still tentative, and analysis beyond international relations and regime theory is needed to capture potential institutional
innovations for advancing EPI. 相似文献
195.
In this paper, we investigate what late timing of marriage combined with neo-locality in early modern Western Europe actually implied for the likelihood of upward intergenerational support. In our analysis of genealogical data from the Netherlands (1650–1899) we show that due to high marriage ages and small spousal age gaps, life cycles of children and their parents were going through difficult periods at the same time, with the elderly as potential victims. To some extent, the risk of ‘hardship’ was compensated for by relatively small geographical distances between the parental and children’s households, allowing for exchange of support. We discuss our outcomes in the broader context of alternative options and elderly care arrangements that were developed from the early modern period onwards. 相似文献
196.
Most of our knowledge about intimate partner homicide (IPH) is based on studies of men, as they outnumber women as perpetrators. From a total cohort of IPHs in Norway from 1990 to 2012 (N?=?177), we investigated differences between male (n?=?157) and female (n?=?20) perpetrators in terms of (a) IPH characteristics and sentencing issues, (b) sociodemographic, contextual and clinical factors, and (c) previous intimate partner violence. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that, in comparison to male perpetrators, female perpetrators were more often in intimate partnerships without mutual children, had a greater number of accumulated welfare deficiencies, and tended to be ascribed different motives (fear and revenge) for their crimes. 相似文献
197.
Pontus Höglund Sten Levander Henrik Anckarsäter Susanna Radovic 《International journal of law and psychiatry》2009,32(6):355-361
Swedish penal law does not exculpate on the grounds of diminished accountability; persons judged to suffer from severe mental disorder are sentenced to forensic psychiatric care instead of prison. Re-introduction of accountability as a condition for legal responsibility has been advocated, not least by forensic psychiatric professionals. To investigate how professionals in forensic psychiatry would assess degree of accountability based on psychiatric diagnoses and case vignettes, 30 psychiatrists, 30 psychologists, 45 nurses, and 45 ward attendants from five forensic psychiatric clinics were interviewed. They were asked (i) to judge to which degree (on a dimensional scale from 1 to 5) each of 12 psychiatric diagnoses might affect accountability, (ii) to assess accountability from five case vignettes, and (iii) to list further factors they regarded as relevant for their assessment of accountability. All informants accepted to provide a dimensional assessment of accountability on this basis and consistently found most types of mental disorders to reduce accountability, especially psychotic disorders and dementia. Other factors thought to be relevant were substance abuse, social network, personality traits, social stress, and level of education. 相似文献
198.
Juha-Pekka?Kallunki Henrik?Nilsson Janne?PeltoniemiEmail author 《European Journal of Law and Economics》2009,27(3):285-308
This paper analyses insider trading behaviour around annual and interim earnings announcements during changing legislative
environments in Sweden from 1980 to 2003. Using a unique data set, we are able to explore the nature of insider trading patterns
from unregulated to strongly regulated insider trading markets. We find limited evidence of opportunistic insider trading.
Insiders seem to be reluctant to sell stocks before positive earnings announcements. They also tend to time their trades in
conjunction with an immediate post-announcement period, i.e. “safety trading”, which becomes more evident within stronger
legislation environments. Some support for contrarian trading behaviour is also found.
相似文献
Janne Peltoniemi (Corresponding author)Email: |
199.
It is difficult to govern when citizens are unsupportive of the political system. This problem is relevant for municipalities formed through municipal mergers since new political entities need to build political trust. Democratic innovations provide possible solutions to increase citizens’ confidence, but it is unclear whether distrusting citizens demand these opportunities for involvement. This study examines the link between political trust and support for democratic innovations in Southwest Finland with a survey of 2000 respondents in 14 municipalities. The results suggest that distrusting citizens are less supportive of democratic innovations; hence it is unlikely that they increase political trust. 相似文献
200.