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91.
Dedouit F Bindel S Gainza D Blanc A Joffre F Rougé D Telmon N 《Journal of forensic sciences》2008,53(2):288-295
Age determination is a major field of interest in physical and forensic anthropology. Among the different methods based on macroscopic skeletal study, the Iscan method, which analyzes the sternal end of the right fourth rib, is one of the most reliable. We applied the Iscan method to two- and three-dimensional multislice computed tomography (MSCT) reconstructions of the sternal end of the right fourth rib on 39 ribs. The intra-observer variability on MSCT reconstructions was good (gamma coefficient equal to 0.86; value of the Krippendorff's alpha reliability equal to 0.79); inter-observer variability on MSCT reconstructions was also good (gamma coefficient ranging from 0.82 to 0.88; value of the Krippendorff's alpha reliability ranging from 0.78 to 0.86). We demonstrated excellent agreement between the results of analysis of bone samples and those of the two- and three-dimensional images, in particular regarding bone projections, morphology of the pit and of its rim. The accuracy of age estimation did not significantly differ between the Iscan method applied to dry bones and the same method applied to MSCT images. Determination of the Krippendorff's alpha reliability coefficient for the inter-error method confirmed the agreement between phase estimations obtained with the two methods (ranging from 0.55 to 0.71). The real civil age was comprised in 21 cases out of 36 for assessment performed on dry bones and in 23 cases out of 36 on MSCT reconstructions, which represented 58.3% and 63.9%, respectively. Use of MSCT reconstructions in forensic anthropology offers many advantages: no bone preparation, no damage to bone material, and the possibility of application to living individuals. 相似文献
92.
Human security in post-war societies depends on incentives to forego violence in local interactions. The government of Cambodia
monitors domestic violence, land conflicts and serious crime in over 13,000 villages and urban neighbourhoods. We use three
annual data collections to estimate the response of these conflicts to the legacy of the war, poverty and resource competition,
urbanity as well as governance quality. Bayesian spatial regressions help identify socio-economic thresholds beyond which
conflicts expand or contract significantly. We find numerous non-linearities in the propensities for violence. Notably, predicted
rates decrease in response to quality of governance only at a high level of service provision, which, realistically, most
communities may not soon achieve. This may justify dedicated programmes addressing particular types of conflicts. We propose
alternative analytic approaches, including some that would make the problem of endogeneity more tractable once updated poverty
estimates become available.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
相似文献
Aldo BeniniEmail: |
93.
The use and non-use of policy appraisal tools in public policy making: an analysis of three European countries and the European Union 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Måns Nilsson Andrew Jordan John Turnpenny Julia Hertin Björn Nykvist Duncan Russel 《Policy Sciences》2008,41(4):335-355
The increasing complexity of policy problems, coupled with the political desire to base new policies on the foundation of firm evidence, has accelerated the development of policy assessment tools. These range from complex computer models and cost benefit analysis through simple checklists and decision trees. In the last decade, many governments have established formal policy assessment systems to harness these tools in order to facilitate more evidence-based policy making. These tools are potentially widely available, but to what extent are they used by policy makers and what becomes of the evidence that they generate? This paper addresses these questions by studying the empirical patterns of tool use across 37 cases in three European countries and the European Commission. It uses a simple classification of tools into advanced, formal and simple types. It finds that even when tools are embedded in policy assessment systems, their use is differentiated and on the whole very limited, in particular when it comes to more advanced tools. It then explores these patterns from contrasting theoretical perspectives to shed light on why, when and how different policy assessment tools are used in the policy process. 相似文献
94.
Henrik Bech Seeberg 《West European politics》2020,43(4):772-794
AbstractA central part of representative democracy is that voters evaluate political parties based on how competently they handle issues, so-called ‘issue ownership’. Since issue ownership is a central ingredient in the vote choice, rival parties often try to influence how voters evaluate a competing party. This is an issue ownership attack. However, despite intense scholarly interest in issue ownership, the understanding of how parties shape issue ownership is very limited. Therefore a new theoretical model is tested here to understand issue ownership attack. Using several survey experiments, the analysis shows that a mainstream party can counteract another mainstream party’s issue ownership by reframing the issue and by blaming the party for its performance, but not by changing its own position on the issue. Hence, the study not only advances the understanding of issue ownership stability and change but also brings important insights on how parties influence voters. 相似文献
95.
This article describes the Danish system, tracing its roots from the days when the crown dealt with all matters involving the family. The role of the amtmen in granting divorce through this administrative process is described. A total of 94% of all divorces in Denmark are handled through this procedure. 相似文献
96.
E St?hl 《Forensic science international》1990,45(1-2):151-157
Two histological stains for demonstration of contraction bands (cb): Mallory's phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH) and a modification of luxol fast blue (LFB) were compared. Microscopical sections from hearts from 60 autopsies were screened. The regional distribution of the cb lesions was also studied. It was found that PTAH showed cb more consistently than LFB. None of the stains were suitable for screening in the lowest magnification. In cases of cardiac death the cb were often extensive and scattered throughout the myocardium. In non-cardiac deaths with cb these were always discrete and seen only in one location which might be a means of differentiating lesions of pathogenetic importance from agonal ones. 相似文献
97.
98.
An elderly, severely brain-damaged patient was being ventilated and given nutrition and antibiotics intravenously in a medical center's critical care unit. Her legal guardian requested authorization to order that the respirator be withdrawn and the administration of nutrition and antibiotics be stopped. A Missouri circuit court ruled that, while public policy, as evidenced in the state's living will statute, permitted withdrawing the respirator, it apparently precluded withholding or withdrawing nutrition, hydration, or antibiotics. 相似文献
99.
100.
Dag Wollebæk Susanne Wallman Lundåsen Lars Trägårdh 《Scandinavian political studies》2012,35(4):319-346
Social trust is usually treated as a dichotomy between particularized and generalized trust. In this article it is argued that a third distinct form, community trust, is neither particularized nor generalized and bounded in space rather than persons. Factor analysis of survey data from 33 Swedish municipalities (N = 6,453) distinguishes between particularized, generalized and community trust. Furthermore, regression analyses show that the three trust forms have partly distinct antecedents and linked to different types of behaviours. While generalized trust best predicts leaps of faith in relation to strangers, community trust is the only trust form significantly predicting taking part in local problem solving. Finally, multilevel analysis shows that community trust is the trust form most vulnerable to changes with respect to ethnic diversity and socioeconomic equality. 相似文献