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排序方式: 共有106条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Alexandre Ariel da Fonseca de Souza B.Sc. Cássio Thyone Almeida de Rosa B.Sc. Luciano Chaves Arantes M.Sc. José Roberto Pujol-Luz Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2020,65(3):1012-1015
Ants are one of the first insects to find an exposed cadaver and can be present during all stages of decomposition. Although these organisms are not commonly used in postmortem interval estimates, they are to be taken into account on criminal investigations involving human corpses, since they can leave bite marks that can be mistaken for antemortem or perimortem injuries, which could be misleading when ascertaining the occurrence of abuse or physical altercation during a crime. A few studies report the action of ants on human cadavers and even though leaf-cutting ants of the genus Atta are frequently encountered in succession studies that use animal carcasses, there are no records of these fungus-growing species on human corpses. Atta is a genus restricted to the New World, ranging from northern Argentina to southern United States and acts as one of the most conspicuous neotropical herbivores. In this study, we report three cases of violent death that illustrate the impact of ants, especially those of the genus Atta, in a forensic setting. We compare the patterns displayed by postmortem bite injuries caused by leaf-cutter ants and other common species with less robust mandibles. We also present the capability of Atta ants to create artifacts by cutting victim’s clothes in a crime scene, contributing to the knowledge of ant-mediated confounding factors in crime scene investigation. 相似文献
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Ferreira da Silva LA Pimentel BJ Almeida de Azevedo D Pereira da Silva EN Silva dos Santos S 《Forensic science international》2002,130(2-3):187-188
The polymorphism of nine STR loci has been studied in a sample of 598 individuals from the population of Alagoas, Northeastern Brazil. Determination of the allele frequencies as well as of several commonly used statistics in forensic and paternity testing were defined. The most polymorphic loci were TH01 and D7S317. The exact test demonstrated that the nine loci analyzed in the population have no deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05). 相似文献
35.
Allele and haplotype frequencies of seven Y-chromosome STR loci, DYS 19, DYS388, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391 and DYS392, were determined from 109 unrelated males in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, sample population. 相似文献
36.
Identification of Different Forms of Cocaine and Substances Used in Adulteration Using Near‐infrared Raman Spectroscopy and Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy
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Ciro A. F. O. Penido M.Sc. Marcos Tadeu T. Pacheco Ph.D. Renato A. Zângaro Ph.D. Landulfo Silveira Ph.D. Jr. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(1):171-178
Identification of cocaine and subsequent quantification immediately after seizure are problems for the police in developing countries such as Brazil. This work proposes a comparison between the Raman and FT‐IR techniques as methods to identify cocaine, the adulterants used to increase volume, and possible degradation products in samples seized by the police. Near‐infrared Raman spectra (785 nm excitation, 10 sec exposure time) and FT‐IR‐ATR spectra were obtained from different samples of street cocaine and some substances commonly used as adulterants. Freebase powder, hydrochloride powder, and crack rock can be distinguished by both Raman and FT‐IR spectroscopies, revealing differences in their chemical structure. Most of the samples showed characteristic peaks of degradation products such as benzoylecgonine and benzoic acid, and some presented evidence of adulteration with aluminum sulfate and sodium carbonate. Raman spectroscopy is better than FT‐IR for identifying benzoic acid and inorganic adulterants in cocaine. 相似文献
37.
Maria da Gloria Bonelli 《Law & social inquiry》2003,28(4):1045-1073
This study focuses on the trajectories of the Institute of Brazilian Lawyers (Instituto dos Advogados Brasileiros, or IAB), created in 1843, and the Order of Lawyers of Brazil (Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil, or OAB), formed in 1933, extending the analysis up to 1997. The article has three objectives: (a) to point out the role played by expertise in the cohesion of the IAB-OAB, changing its public image from one of the political counterelite to that of representatives of civil society, with the "institutional vocation" to defend juridical order and, later, human and citizenship rights; (b) to describe the social ties that permeate the legal world, preventing internal disputes from becoming deep and lasting cleavages; and (c) to contrast the experience of the Brazilian bar with those of the German and French. 相似文献
38.
公安工作的现代化,必须走科技强誓之路.建立信息中心要以公安信息网建设为基础,以公安业务信息共享为目标,向科技要誓力.加强信息中心建设,发挥科技强警作用. 相似文献
39.
Multivariate Classification of Original and Fake Perfumes by Ion Analysis and Ethanol Content
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Clêrton L. Gomes Ph.D. Ari Clecius A. de Lima M.S. Adonay R. Loiola Ph.D. Abel B. R. da Silva M.S. Manuela C. L. Cândido M.S. Ronaldo F. Nascimento Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2016,61(4):1074-1079
The increased marketing of fake perfumes has encouraged us to investigate how to identify such products by their chemical characteristics and multivariate analysis. The aim of this study was to present an alternative approach to distinguish original from fake perfumes by means of the investigation of sodium, potassium, chloride ions, and ethanol contents by chemometric tools. For this, 50 perfumes were used (25 original and 25 counterfeit) for the analysis of ions (ion chromatography) and ethanol (gas chromatography). The results demonstrated that the fake perfume had low levels of ethanol and high levels of chloride compared to the original product. The data were treated by chemometric tools such as principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis. This study proved that the analysis of ethanol is an effective method of distinguishing original from the fake products, and it may potentially be used to assist legal authorities in such cases. 相似文献
40.
Ana Claudia Martins Ciconelle BSc MSc Renan Lucio Berbel da Silva DDS MSc Jun Ho Kim DDS MSc PhD Bruno Aragão Rocha MD Dênis Gonçalves dos Santos BSc Luis Gustavo Rocha Vianna BSc MSc Luma Gallacio Gomes Ferreira BSc Vinícius Henrique Pereira dos Santos Jeferson Orofino Costa DDS Renato Vicente BSc MSc PhD 《Journal of forensic sciences》2023,68(6):2057-2064
The objective of this study is to assess the performance of an innovative AI-powered tool for sex determination using panoramic radiographs (PR) and to explore factors affecting the performance of the convolutional neural network (CNN). The study involved 207,946 panoramic dental X-rays and their corresponding reports from 15 clinical centers in São Paulo, Brazil. The PRs were acquired with four different devices, and 58% of the patients were female. Data preprocessing included anonymizing the exams, extracting pertinent information from the reports, such as sex, age, type of dentition, and number of missing teeth, and organizing the data into a PostgreSQL database. Two neural network architectures, a standard CNN and a ResNet, were utilized for sex classification, with both undergoing hyperparameter tuning and cross-validation to ensure optimal performance. The CNN model achieved 95.02% accuracy in sex estimation, with image resolution being a significant influencing factor. The ResNet model attained over 86% accuracy in subjects older than 6 years and over 96% in those over 16 years. The algorithm performed better on female images, and the area under the curve (AUC) exceeded 96% for most age groups, except the youngest. Accuracy values were also assessed for different dentition types (deciduous, mixed, and permanent) and missing teeth. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of an AI-driven tool for sex determination using PR and emphasizes the role of image resolution, age, and sex in determining the algorithm's performance. 相似文献