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901.
Estimating the Impact of Classification Error on the “Statistical Accuracy” of Uniform Crime Reports
James?J.?NolanEmail author Stephen?M.?Haas Jessica?S.?Napier 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2011,27(4):497-519
This paper offers a methodological approach for estimating classification error in police records then determining the statistical
accuracy of official crime statistics reported to the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) program. Classification error refers to
the mistakes in UCR statistics caused by the misclassification of criminal offenses, for example recording a crime as aggravated
assault when it should have been simple assault. Statistical accuracy refers to the estimated true total of each crime type
based on cancelling effect of undercounting and overcounting crime due to misclassifications. The population for the study
consists of the 12 largest municipal police agencies in a mostly rural southeastern state. Based on a sample of 2,663 records,
the authors illustrate the impact of classification error on the total population of reported offenses. Misclassifications
result in overcounting and undercounting certain crimes. The true number of each crime type, as well as the aggregate Index
Crime, Violent Crime, and Property Crime totals, is estimated based the evaluation of offsetting misclassifications. The findings
show that certain UCR crime categories are greatly undercounted while others are overcounted. The index crime and violent
crime totals are also significantly undercounted; however, when simple assault is added to the index and violent crime categories,
the error in these aggregate numbers is reduced to less than 1%. The results provide a benchmark for assessing the statistical
accuracy of the UCR data. 相似文献
902.
James Midgley 《Political science quarterly》2011,126(2):346-347
903.
Most survey-based research on campaign effects in British elections has focussed on exposure to the campaign. Far less attention has been given to how the campaign is perceived, although American research on the effects of negative campaigning suggests that this is a potentially important area. The article investigates the extent to which vote choices in the 2007 Scottish Parliament election were affected by perceptions of the parties’ campaigns as ‘positive’ or ‘negative’. Partisanship and increased exposure to a party’s campaign increased individuals’ chances of rating a campaign positively. Other things being equal, however, campaigns which come to be seen in a negative light backfire on the party responsible, reducing the propensity of people to vote for it. 相似文献
904.
An emerging forensic service is that of conducting a work product review of a court‐appointed child custody evaluator's evaluation and report. If the reviewer determines there are serious deficiencies in the work product, then the reviewer will provide consultation to the retaining attorney and expert testimony. The reviewer usually is in a hybrid role of consulting/advising the retaining attorney, testifying, and educating the court. Ethical issues in providing forensic services and rebuttal testimony as a reviewer are discussed. Both reviewers and evaluators have a duty to be objective and balanced in their analyses of data and issues. Both types of experts should strive to be helpful to the court and try to serve the best interests of children. Ethical nuances involving review work are discussed. Evaluator and reviewer share the same dataset. Evaluators need to take care to keep a high quality case record with legible interview notes. Reviewers provide a monitoring function for the court or a function of forensic quality control so the court will not be misled by expert testimony of evaluators that is based on flawed data collection and/or analysis. A list of questions is presented for reviewers to use in scrutinizing the quality of the custody evaluation. A list of questions is presented for examining the quality of the reviewer's own work product. The importance of a case analysis and use of conceptual frameworks by evaluators and reviewers is discussed. 相似文献
905.
Linda Fieldstone Debra K. Carter Timothy King James P. McHale 《Family Court Review》2011,49(4):801-817
This report details findings from the nation's first statewide study on parenting coordination. A survey was presented to all known practicing parenting coordinators (PCs) in Florida (N = 207), with 67 (32%) responding. Data concerning PC demographics, how PCs do their work, and how they perceive their clients at different stages of the parenting coordination process suggest substantial similarity between mental health and family law professionals in almost every realm of questioning. Study limitations, implications for further research, and practice considerations are discussed. 相似文献
906.
Satriano J McKinnon K Adoff S 《Journal of prevention & intervention in the community》2007,33(1-2):95-108
People with severe mental illness evidence significantly higher rates of HIV infection than the general population in the United States. Frequently, the only access to health care for this population is through their outpatient mental health care providers. In order to determine how these providers were dealing with the increased risk of HIV infection among this group, a survey of all licensed and certified outpatient mental health care centers in New York State was conducted. The data were compared to a similar previous survey conducted in 1997. 相似文献
907.
908.
This article studies gubernatorial midterm slumps in U.S. state legislative elections. We employ a regression discontinuity design, which allows us to rule out the hypothesis that the midterm slump simply reflects a type of “reversion to the mean” generated by simple partisan swings or the withdrawal of gubernatorial coattails or “anticipatory balancing.” Our results show that the party of the governor experiences an average seat‐share loss of about 3.5 percentage points. We also find evidence suggesting that a large share of the variation in gubernatorial midterm slumps can be accounted for by (1) crude partisan balancing and (2) referendums on state economic performance, with approximately equal weight given to each. 相似文献
909.
910.
The purpose of this study was to identify common factors in false allegation adult crimes, by examining the dynamics involved in 30 confirmed false allegation cases. The authors conducted a comprehensive review of these adjudicated cases and then completed a collection instrument to capture offender demographics, offense characteristics, and motive. The results indicated that most false allegation crimes were committed by women (73.3%) and Caucasians (93.3%). Data indicated that more interpersonally violent allegations were primarily motivated by attention/sympathy needs (50.0%), whereas more impersonal offenses involved other motivations such as providing an alibi (16.7%) or profit (13.3%). Offenders tended to be younger, high school graduates with no higher education (43.3%). A total of 23.3% of offenders had a prior criminal history. Male offenders appeared as likely as women to be motivated by attention/sympathy; however, men tended to select more violent, nonsexual offenses (e.g., attempted murder) than women. 相似文献