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301.
Jeremy Luallen Jared Edgerton Deirdre Rabideau 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2018,34(3):741-773
Introduction
The Welfare Act of 1996 banned welfare and food stamp eligibility for felony drug offenders and gave states the ability to modify their use of the law. Today, many states are revisiting their use of this ban, searching for ways to decrease the size of their prison populations; however, there are no empirical assessments of how this ban has affected prison populations and recidivism among drug offenders. Moreover, there are no causal investigations whatsoever to demonstrate whether welfare or food stamp benefits impact recidivism at all.Objective
This paper provides the first empirical examination of the causal relationship between recidivism and welfare and food stamp benefitsMethods
Using a survival-based estimation, we estimated the impact of benefits on the recidivism of drug-offending populations using data from the National Corrections Reporting Program. We modeled this impact using a difference-in-difference estimator within a regression discontinuity framework.Results
Results of this analysis are conclusive; we find no evidence that drug offending populations as a group were adversely or positively impacted by the ban overall. Results apply to both male and female populations and are robust to several sensitivity tests. Results also suggest the possibility that impacts significantly vary over time-at-risk, despite a zero net effect.Conclusion
Overall, we show that the initial passage of the drug felony ban had no measurable large-scale impacts on recidivism among male or female drug offenders. We conclude that the state initiatives to remove or modify the ban, regardless of whether they improve lives of individual offenders, will likely have no appreciable impact on prison systems.302.
Joel A. Capellan Ph.D. Joseph Johnson Ph.D. Jeremy R. Porter Ph.D. Christine Martin B.A. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(3):814-823
This study compares the demographic, background, motivation, and pre‐event and event‐level behaviors across four types of mass public shooters: disgruntled employee, school, ideologically motivated, and rampage offenders. Using a database containing detailed information on 318 mass public shootings that occurred in the United States between 1966 and 2017, we find systematic differences in the characteristics, motivations, target selection, planning, and incident‐level behaviors among these offenders. The results show that ideologically motivated shooters to be the most patient, and methodical, and as a result the most lethal. Conversely, disgruntled employees, who are driven by revenge, tend to have little time to plan and consequently are the least lethal shooters. These, among other differences, underscore the need for prevention strategies and policies to be tailored to specific types of offenders. Furthermore, the results also highlight commonalities across offender type, suggesting that the social and psychological pathways to violence are universal across offenders. 相似文献
303.
Using nationally representative data, we test three theories about distributive and procedural justice and their relation
to job satisfaction. Our results support the group-value model more than the personal outcomes model by showing that procedural
justice is a more important predictor of job satisfaction than is distributive justice. Furthermore, although other research
has supported the psychological contract model by showing that experiences with downsizing alter how procedural justice and
distributive justice are related to organizational commitment, we find that downsizing does not alter their relationship with
job satisfaction. 相似文献
304.
Kroner DG Mills JF Yessine AK Hemmati T 《International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology》2004,48(3):360-372
Accurate assessment of criminal attributions can assist in explaining crime and identifying offender treatment targets. The current study examines the relationship between a new method of assessing the cognition of criminal attributes, the Criminal Attribution Inventory (CRAI) and a measure of socially desirable responding. 300 participants including incarcerated offenders, released offenders, sex offenders, and university students participated in the current study. Results indicate minimal relationships between socially desirable responding and the CRAI. In a fake-good testing situation, the faking index had appropriate sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive power in identifying fake-good responses. The CRAI's instructional set of general observation as opposed to self-representation appears to limit socially desirable responding and also allows the CRAI to be administered to nonoffender populations. 相似文献
305.
306.
Legal and practical context. Declaratory relief has the widestscope of any judicial remedy and its flexibility in providingguidance makes it the perfect judicial salve. Yet the remedyis under-used and receives little practitioner commentary. Key points. The Court's power to issue interim or final declarationsis discretionary. Furthermore, courts are more willing to grantan application for a declaration where there is a genuine dispute,in contrast with a purely theoretical issue. Specific statutoryprovisions for IP rights include declarations of non-infringementand unjustified threats. Intellectual property practitionersshould note that declaratory relief can be attractive becauseof its flexibility, efficiency and perception. It is less antagonisticthan a claim for damages. Conclusion. Declarations are a useful option for intellectualproperty practitioners. Although declaratory relief is commonlyregarded as a defensive measure, it can in reality be used asa "sword or a shield". 相似文献
307.
Rich J Tatarek NE Powers RH Brogdon BG Lewis BJ Dean DE 《Journal of forensic sciences》2002,47(6):1319-1322
An evaluation of the effect of surgical intervention on foot and ankle radiographic comparisons was performed. In this study, 34 sets of pre-surgical ("premortem") and post-surgical ("postmortem") foot and ankle radiographs were retrospectively evaluated simulating a postmortem identification. In each radiographic set, the films were separated by a surgical event to reproduce the effects of an alteration in the anatomy. The radiographs included both matches and mismatches. This study also presents a numerical representation of the reliability of a radiographic match following a surgical procedure. Results indicate that surgical intervention with subsequent healing does not preclude positive identification in foot and ankle radiographic comparisons. 相似文献
308.
309.
Mills JF Kroner DG 《International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology》2003,47(3):324-334
This study investigated the ability of self-reported antisocial constructs to predict serious institutional infractions among a correctional sample of child molesters (n = 69) and violent offenders (n = 138). Each group had significant predictors, but the predictors differed between the two groups. Interpersonal problems accounted for significant incremental variance after age in the relationship with institutional violence for child molesters. With the violent offender group, alienation and impulse expression showed significant incremental variance after accounting for age. Alienation and impulse expression also added to age in the relationship with the function of failure over time for the most institutionally disruptive. Implications for institutional classification and clinical use in an offender population are discussed. 相似文献
310.