物上瑕疵担保责任、履行障碍法与缔约过失责任

物的瑕疵担保制度是否被规定在《合同法》中,是一个有争议的问题,瑕疵担保制度在本质上是一种不完全履行的类型,但其具有独立的制度价值,所以在德国民法典中成为与履行障碍法并列的制度,即使在德国债法改革后也是如此。瑕疵担保制度与不完全履行、缔约上过失等制度,在调整合同后义务以及合同前义务上,存在竞合关系,如何确定它们之间的界限,端赖于具体的价值衡量,基于瑕疵担保制度独有的对买卖双方利益的重新衡量,瑕疵担保制度的调整领域呈现扩张趋势。     

规范构成要件要素与明确性原则关系之辨正

在规范构成要件要素与明确性原则关系的探讨中,传统刑法理论从明确性原则角度审视规范构成要件要素,往往自陷困惑。如果从规范构成要件要素本身存在的原则基础出发,审视其与明确性原则之间的关系或许是一个很好的观察视角。     

在比较借鉴中探索执政规律的几个问题

政党执政有一般规律和特殊规律,执政规律是政党执政的共性、一般性,我们往往强调其特殊性而忽视一般性,甚至把二者对立起来。我们要学习、借鉴国外政党治国理政的经验,但又不能照搬西方政治模式,反对照搬既要反对全盘照搬,也要反对实用主义的照搬,其根本原因是国情不同。任何一种能够有效巩固执政基础、维护执政地位的模式,背后总有一定的规律性的东西作支撑,我们要善于识别各种不同的模式,研究其背后的执政规律。     

两种城市研究范式比较——城市人类生态学与城市生态学

城市人类生态学借鉴生态学观念和方法,研究城市人与空间的关系,揭示了城市布局变化的规律和动力;城市生态学运用生态系统的思想方法,研究城市自然系统、经济系统和社会系统的协调发展。两种理论范式研究对象同中有异,研究方法上的借用与应用有别,研究中心问题与研究取向均有不同。比较两种范式对更全面深入地研究城市有重要意义。     

The challenge of institution-building in Asia and its implications for Asia-Europe relations

  East Asia, including Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia, has developed tightly-linked production/distribution networks through globalizing corporate activities. The vertical chain of production in East Asia has been even more sophisticated than economic integration in East Europe or Latin America. However, the political environment of East Asia for trade and investment has been far from borderless. The integration effort at the policy level has been very much limited so far, due to the historical background as well as geopolitics surrounding East Asia. The Asian currency/financial crisis provided these countries a historical turning point. After the burst of the crisis, East Asians realized that they have to take care of themselves in their difficulties, not depending on outside forces. A natural choice for them was to step into the realm of regionalism. In 1998, Japan and Korea officially announced that they would discard the long-lasting GATT/WTO-only approach and adapt the multi-layered approach, including both regionalism and multilateralism. The ultimate goal of regionalism would be a region-wide integration including ASEAN+3. As a steppingstone, Japan signed the Japan-Singapore Economic Partnership Agreement (JSEPA) in January 2002. In a parallel move, the ASEAN and China Leaders announced in November 2001 the establishment of an ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) within 10 years. This article will follow up the most recent advancement of regional institutional building in East Asia with the emphasis on peculiar characteristics of economic integration in the region and discuss its implications for Asia-Europe relations. This paper is heavily drawn from Kimura (2002, 2003).     

Total Innovation Management: a novel paradigm of innovation management in the 21st century

Based on an ecosystem view of innovation management and in-depth case studies of firms in China and abroad, a novel paradigm of innovation management—Total Innovation Management (TIM)—is put forward in this paper. This new paradigm draws on three distinct areas of recent research, namely the innovation theory of the firm, the resource-based view (RBV), and the complexity theory. It introduces the theoretical framework of TIM, and presents a tri-dimensional innovation strategy model, which includes all elements of innovation, all innovators, and innovation in all times and spaces, and aims at value added and created.     

S&;T Parks and business incubators in middle-sized countries: the case of greece

This paper links the policy context regarding S&T parks to the objectives and characteristics of the established parks and incubators in a relatively small, converging European country. S&T parks and incubators in Greece during the past decade and a half have gradually shifted in terms of ownership and management from university/research institute to the private sector and in terms of financing from public to private funds, also involving the provision of seed capital and access to venture capital. This gradual shift toward more private engagement has created a variety of models out of which, it is hoped, successful innovative companies will emerge in larger numbers than in the past.

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A comparison of the Russian 13% flat rate PIT evasion stratified contributions and the US tax schedule

This paper reviews the existing literature on consumer credit reporting, the most extensively used instrument to overcome information asymmetry and adverse selection problems in credit markets. Despite the copious literature in economics and some research in regulatory policy, the legal community has paid almost no attention to the legal framework of consumer credit information systems, specially within the context of the European Union. Studies on the topic, however, seem particularly relevant in view of the establishment of a single market for consumer credit. This article ultimately calls for further legal research to address consumer protection concerns and inform future legislation.      

The European airline industry: law and economics of low cost carriers

This article offers an analysis of the European airline industry in order to understand the new dynamics of the competitive field. The liberalization process did not lead the entrance of competitors similar to incumbents, but a new organizational model has been developed, the one of low cost carriers. The incumbents’ reaction to the liberalization process coupled with the entrance of low cost companies into the sector are hence considered. Two theories are analysed: the contestable markets theory, to understand the theoretical vision that has influenced the liberalization process, and the core theory, a modern approach to the concept of destructive competition that, according to some authors, is a recurring problem in the sector. While numerous barriers to entry still exist, the paper examines how the organizational model of low cost companies has helped new entrants to overtake these obstacles. By the same token, the application of the core theory does not seem to justify strategic alliances taking place in these years. The competitive framework is definitely clearer if we analyse sector changes in a different way, from the point of view of low cost companies considered as new market actors.