全文获取类型
收费全文 | 236篇 |
免费 | 7篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 11篇 |
工人农民 | 1篇 |
世界政治 | 13篇 |
外交国际关系 | 29篇 |
法律 | 120篇 |
中国政治 | 2篇 |
政治理论 | 67篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 6篇 |
2021年 | 11篇 |
2020年 | 7篇 |
2019年 | 6篇 |
2018年 | 9篇 |
2017年 | 13篇 |
2016年 | 6篇 |
2015年 | 8篇 |
2014年 | 13篇 |
2013年 | 37篇 |
2012年 | 16篇 |
2011年 | 15篇 |
2010年 | 5篇 |
2009年 | 11篇 |
2008年 | 7篇 |
2007年 | 12篇 |
2006年 | 11篇 |
2005年 | 4篇 |
2004年 | 8篇 |
2003年 | 1篇 |
2002年 | 5篇 |
2001年 | 4篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 1篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有243条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
71.
72.
In this article we undertake a detailed exploration of the research and development activities in one particular middle-income country. We explore what the data from R&D surveys can tell us about the levels, the determinants and the effectiveness of R&D in the manufacturing sector. We point to some of the broader factors that may have influenced South Africa’s drive to improve the technological capacity of its manufacturing sector, but we mostly focus on those issues associated directly with R&D. We show that the degree of interaction between the different domains of R&D activity, business, government and the tertiary sector has been weak, and that the possibility of positive spill-overs between these domains has not been fully exploited. In addition, little or no policy intervention designed to stimulate R&D activity by industry has been deployed in South Africa. We find that South African R&D activity has mainly been reactive in character and suggest that this lies at the heart of South Africa’s mixed R&D performance in relation to other developing countries. 相似文献
73.
Patrick Bayer Johannes Urpelainen Alice Xu 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2016,16(2):261-283
The Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has the capacity to incentivize the international transfer of environmentally sound technologies. Given that both countries are expected to have similar incentives when managing the distribution of technology transfer within the country, why do sub-national patterns in the allocation of projects with technology transfer differ? Using comparable political–economic data compiled for China and India, we offer an explanation for these differences. In China, where the government regards the CDM as a tool for achieving sustainable development, technology transfer is concentrated in provinces that need it the most and that are most conducive to receiving transfers (i.e., economically less developed, yet heavily industrialized provinces). In India, where the government takes on a “laissez-faire” approach to the CDM, neither level of economic development nor that of industrialization affects clean technology transfer. In this regard, although the incentives are similar, the capacity to pursue them is not comparable. We test these hypotheses using data on CDM technology transfer across Chinese provinces and Indian states during the 6-year period from 2004 to 2010. 相似文献
74.
Natur und Recht - Zucht und Haltung immundefizienter Labortiere wurden bislang nicht als Tierversuch gewertet, soweit die Tiere mit an Sicherheit grenzender Wahrscheinlichkeit nicht aufgrund des... 相似文献
75.
Political Behavior - To investigate economic elites’ housing policy preferences and test the attitudinal, contextual, political, and economic conditions that drive support for affordable... 相似文献
76.
Christopher Marcoux Johannes Urpelainen 《The Review of International Organizations》2013,8(2):163-191
States often create international institutions that impose legally binding rules on member states, and then do not even attempt to enforce these rules. Why? In this article, we present a game-theoretic model of moribund hard law in international institutions. We show that if some states face domestic pressure to negotiate a hard law treaty, their incentive to insist on hard law in the negotiations is maximized when less enthusiastic states expect that the hard law will probably not be enforced. Domestic proponents of hard law reward states for negotiating a hard law treaty, while states that oppose hard law can accept it because they expect no enforcement. As a form of informal governance, moribund hard law allows non-compliance by design. 相似文献
77.
Patricia A. Contreras M.F.S. Stephen S. Houck B.S. William M. Davis Ph.D. Jorn C.‐C. Yu Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2013,58(1):210-216
Abstract: In this case report, potential interferences from an improvised fire‐extinguishing agent, a dishwashing liquid, containing linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), was studied. The presence of linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) in the fire debris sample was identified from the summed ion profile (SIP) analysis. It was found that the LAS from dishwashing liquids produce LABs by thermal degradation. Direct pyrolysis of a LAS‐containing dishwashing liquid at 300°C yielded a distribution of LABs in the SIP. LABs began to break down at pyrolysis temperatures between 450 and 500°C and completely break down by 800°C. Observed pyrolysis breakdown products of LABs included toluene, ethylbenzene, meta‐, para‐, and ortho‐xylenes, propylbenzene, indane, naphthalene, and 1‐ and 2‐methylnaphthalenes. These data suggested the presence of LABs in fire debris evidence might complicate subsequent analysis because their breakdown products contained some of the target compounds common to ignitable liquid identification. Therefore, a positive determination of the presence of foreign ignitable liquids should be carefully evaluated when there is a presence of LABs in the SIP. 相似文献
78.
Christopher Contreras 《Justice Quarterly》2017,34(6):1069-1095
The liberalization of marijuana laws may have implications for neighborhood crime insofar as the distribution of marijuana through a dispensary system may provide additional opportunities for criminal behavior to take place. This project fills an important gap in the scant literature on medical marijuana dispensaries and neighborhood crime rates by integrating perspectives from environmental criminology and social organization theories in investigating the dispensary-crime nexus through interaction models and flexibly assessing dispensaries’ relationship to crime at different spatial scales. This study found the placement of a medical marijuana dispensary in the previous year to be associated with crime rate change, in both the block and the surrounding area, over and above predictor variables drawn from social organization theory. And, this study’s interaction models suggest that marijuana dispensaries may increase crime rates on socially organized blocks, with such blocks potentially experiencing a slight perturbation in their ecological continuity from a dispensary’s establishment. 相似文献
79.
Martins LF Yegles M Samyn N Ramaekers JG Wennig R 《Forensic science international》2007,172(2-3):150-155
The aim of the study was to determine the enantioselective disposition of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and other amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) in segmented hair specimens of self-declared ecstasy abusers, who took part in a double-blind placebo-controlled six-way crossover study during approximately 7 weeks, during which they received a 75 and a 100 mg dose of racemic MDMA twice. Hair specimens were washed and cut into pieces of 2 cm length. After digestion and solid phase extraction, the enantiomers were derivatized with a chiral agent (2S,4R)-N-heptafluorobutyryl-4-heptafluorobutoyloxy-prolyl chloride, developed at the authors laboratory and quantified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry operating in the negative chemical ionization mode. Most of the hair specimens that were tested positive for MDMA showed a predominance of the (R)-enantiomer. The R/S ratios of MDMA varied between 1.02 and 2.75 and total concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 20.1 ng/mg. The enantiomers of its metabolite 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) were also quantified in most hair segments. The R/S ratios of MDA varied between 0.60 and 1.60, while the concentrations of the enantiomers ranged from 10 to 160 pg/mg hair. When segmental analysis was performed on single hair specimens, no inversion of the R versus S ratios of MDMA and MDA was observed. The predominance of (R)-MDMA in hair was in accordance with those already published for other matrices. Furthermore, both enantiomers of amphetamine (AM) were also detected in hair segments of four volunteers and the R/S ratios ranged from 1.00 to 1.47. 相似文献
80.
Andries Johannes Zoutendijk 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2010,54(1):63-86
Since the beginning of the 21st century, several national and international government agencies have initiated organised crime
threat assessments. Additionally, a few scholars have published methods to assess the risks and threats of organised crime.
These governmental bodies and scholars claim that their reports and methods can demonstrate that certain forms of organised
crime are more threatening than others and thus help policy-makers set strategic priorities. In this article I discuss these
claims by examining the reliability and validity of the operational definitions of the key concepts used, such as organised
crime, threat and risk. This examination reveals that most reports and methods provide insufficient detail—and sometimes even
no details at all—to guarantee the reliability and validity of their operational definitions. The search for validity is made
particularly difficult by the ambiguity surrounding the concepts of organised crime, threat and risk, while the concept of
cost is less problematic. Moreover, establishing what constitutes a threat is at its core a normative decision that cannot
be left to intelligence analysts or scientists alone. The challenge ahead lies in acknowledging the normative framework of
organised crime threat assessments and within that framework maximising the reliability and validity of the operational definitions
of key concepts and related measuring instruments. 相似文献